1. Heaviest Element Before Supernova Q: What is the heaviest element produced by fusion in the core of a massive star before a supernova? A: Iron (Fe

Why does reaching iron in a massive star’s core mark the end of its life?

Because iron fusion does not produce energy, leading to a collapse of the core and triggering a supernova.

What is Newton’s First Law of Motion?

An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force, known as the law of inertia.

What is Newton’s Second Law of Motion?

Force = mass × acceleration (F = ma); it states that acceleration is directly proportional to the force applied and inversely proportional to mass.

What is Newton’s Third Law of Motion?

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

What is Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation?

The force of gravity between two objects is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

What is a white dwarf made of and why?

A white dwarf is made primarily of carbon and oxygen because these are produced during the red giant phase through helium fusion.

Why do stars form in clusters?

Stars form in clusters because they originate from giant molecular clouds (GMCs) which are dense regions of gas and dust.

What is the most common type of stellar remnant in the universe?

A white dwarf, because low- and intermediate-mass stars (like the Sun) end their lives as white dwarfs.

What is the most common type of star in the universe?

A red dwarf (M-type main sequence star), characterized by low mass and cool temperatures.

What are the layers of the Sun from innermost to outermost?

Core, Radiative Zone, Convective Zone, Photosphere, Chromosphere, Corona.

What marks the conclusion of a massive star’s life when iron builds up in its core?

The fusion of iron does not generate energy, resulting in the collapse of the core and initiating a supernova.

What is Newton's First Law of Motion?

A body remains at rest or moves in a straight line at constant speed unless acted upon by an external force, known as inertia.

What does Newton's Second Law of Motion state?

Force is equal to mass times acceleration (F = ma), indicating that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

What is the essence of Newton's Third Law of Motion?

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

What does Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation describe?

It states that the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them.

What materials primarily compose a white dwarf and why?

A white dwarf is largely composed of carbon and oxygen, as these elements form during the red giant stage through helium fusion.

Why do stars typically form in clusters?

Stars originate from giant molecular clouds (GMCs), which are dense concentrations of gas and dust, leading to clustered formation.

What is the most common kind of stellar remnant in the cosmos?

A white dwarf is the most prevalent type of stellar remnant, resulting from the evolutionary paths of low- and intermediate-mass stars like the Sun.

Which type of star is the most frequently observed in the universe?

Red dwarfs (M-type main sequence stars), characterized by their low mass and cooler temperatures, are the most common stars.

What are the layers of the Sun arranged from innermost to outermost?

The layers include: Core, Radiative Zone, Convective Zone, Photosphere, Chromosphere, and Corona.