A+P Ch.1 Body Systems

Integumentary System

Skin

• Protection: physical, water loss, infection, UV radiation, chemical

• Insulation

• Thermoregulation

• Sensory functions

• Vitamin D synthesis

Skeletal System

Bones (206)

• Framework/structure

• Hematopoiesis (RBC production)

• Protection

• Storage of minerals and calcium

• Movement (coordinating with skeletal muscles)

Muscular System

Skeletal muscles

• Movement of bones for locomotions and to manipulate our environment

• Posture and compression

• Heat production

• Facial expressions for communication

Nervous System

Brain, spinal cord, body nerves

• Master controller of body functions

Endocrine System

Glands: pituitary, thyroid, pancreas

• Secrete hormones that regulate processes (slow/gradual control)

Cardiovascular System

Heart and blood vessels

• Heart pumps blood through blood vessels for delivery of oxygen + nutrients, removal of wastes

Lymphatic System

Lymph vessels and nodes

• Immune functions to transport WBCs to fight infection

• Transport excess fluids from body tissues

Respiratory System

Lungs, airway, intercostal muscles and diaphragm

• Gas exchange: O₂ in, CO₂ out

Digestive System

Alimentary canal (food tube) + accessory organs (pancreas, liver, teeth, tongue)

• Breakdown and absorption of food / nutrients, elimination of solid wastes

Urinary System

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

• Elimination of nitrogenous wastes, water, electrolyte balance

Reproductive System

Female: Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, birth canal, external genitalia, mammary glands

• Oogenesis, pregnancy, milk production

Male: Testes, vas deferens, accessory glands, penis

• Spermatogenesis, delivery of sperm