History test 2

Cotton gin

Greatly increased the amount of cotton that could be produced in the US.

Slavery

Important to the cotton industry.

Sepoys

Indian soldiers trained and employed by the British East India Company’s army.

Cottage Industry

Manufacturing that happens in people’s homes.

Manufactory

A factory, more efficient than cottage industry.

Enclosure movement

British countryside went from common land with some large landowners to no common land and some large landowners.

Proletariat

Working class.

19th century liberalism

Valued individual liberty over everything else.

Marxism

Argued conflict between producers of goods and capitalist investors was inevitable.

Opium wars

British response to Chinese efforts to crack down on the importation of opium (1839-1842).

Taiping Rebellion

Response to defeats of opium war led by Hong Xiuquan.

Self-strengthening movement

Strengthen traditional Chinese religion and culture while incorporating Western technology.

Caste war of the Yucatan

Troops came to Yucatan to stop the Mexican-American war.

Tanzimat

Guaranteed life, honor, and property to all citizens regardless of religion.

Wahhabism

Stricter adherence to Qu’an and killing those who disagreed.

Aligarh Movement

Sayyid Ahmad of Aligarh argued people could make their own moral decisions.

Islamic Modernization

Islam needs to learn about the western world while still reading the Qu’an.

Sino-Japanese War

Japan vs China war over Korea.

Romantic Nationalism

Creation of imagined community based on shared ideas or symbols.

Competitive Nationalism

Having the most colonies.

Meiji Restoration

Changed government structure and religious leader regains control of government.

Otto von Bismark

Leader of German unification to increase Prussian power.

Spanish-American War

Independent movement in Cuba.

Irish Republican Brotherhood

Irish nationalist group dedicated to promoting Irish culture and independence.

Civilizing Mission

Expose people to western culture.

Quinine

Vaccine for Malaria made out of tree.

Muhammed Ali

Leader of Egypt who built canals and dams for cotton production.

Conference of Berlin

1884-5 meetings where European leaders divided Africa.

British Raj

Indian people were forced to work with British to govern themselves.

Modernism

Movement sought to better represent the modern industrial world in visual arts and literature.

Social Darwinism

Race indicates humans are biologically different.

Queen Lili’uokalani

Last ruler of Hawaii.

Dreyfus Affair

Alfred Dreyfus wrongly convicted of treason, despite evidence proving his innocence.

Women’s Suffrage

Middle class women who refused to operate within the private sphere in the 20th century.

Commercialized Leisure

Enabled working class teens to socialize outside of their parent’s supervision.

British Gold Coast

Modern-day Ghana.

Austro-Hungarian Empire

A multi-ethnic empire in Central and Eastern Europe.

Submarine Warfare

Naval strategy using submarines to attack enemy vessels.