one of the key services a forensic science laboratory provides; even smaller laboratories with cooperation or direct harm, and society has judged this implied or actual violence to be a severe crime.
New cards
2
Ballistics
the study of an object in flight and is under the domain of physics.
New cards
3
Handgun
designed to be fired with one hand.
New cards
4
Revolver
a handgun that feeds ammunition into the firing chamber by means of a revolving cylinder.
New cards
5
(Semi)Automatic Pistol
feeds ammunition by means of a spring-loaded vertical magazine.
New cards
6
Shoulder Firearms
more diverse, encompassing rifles, shotguns, machine guns, and submachine guns.
New cards
7
Rifles
esigned to be fired from the shoulder with two hands; it may be single-shot, repeating, semi-automatic, or automatic.
New cards
8
Single-shot rifle
must be loaded, fired, the cartridge extracted, and then reloaded.
New cards
9
Repeating rifles fire
one bullet with each pull of the trigger, but the expended cartridge must be expelled, the firing mechanism cocked, and a live round reloaded from a magazine manually.
New cards
10
Semiautomatic rifles
use the energy of the fired ammunition to expel the empty cartridge, cock the firing mechanism, and reload a live round; thus, one pull of the trigger fires one round, and this may be done sequentially until the magazine is empty.
New cards
11
Assault rifles
can be fired either like semi-automatic rifles or in automatic mode: Pull the trigger, and the firearm will fire ammunition continuously until all the ammunition is gone
New cards
12
Machine gun
a fully automatic firearm and therefore is fed ammunition from a high-capacity belt or box. Because of their size and the strength of the recoil, machine guns are meant to be fired from a tripod or other mounted/fixed position.
New cards
13
Submachine gun
a machine gun meant to be fired while held in the hands.
New cards
14
Lands and Grooves
series of ridges and valleys rifled in the interior surface of the barrels of the firearms.
New cards
15
Striations
microscopic contour variations on the surface of the bullet
New cards
16
Broach or Rifling Button
stiff metal rod with a flanged tip, which is run down the length of the hole.
New cards
17
Bore diameter
the diameter of a circle that touches the tops of the lands.
New cards
18
Caliber
refers mostly to the size of a particular ammunition cartridge.
New cards
19
Pellets
numerous projectiles a shotgun fires.
New cards
20
Slugs
single projectiles.
New cards
21
Choke
helps to keep the pellets grouped longer once they leave the barrel.
New cards
22
Gauge
diameter of the shotgun barrel.
New cards
23
Ammunition
a self-contained cartridge that is composed of one or more projectiles, propellant (to act as fuel), and a primer (to ignite the propellant).
New cards
24
Lead bullets
pieces of lead hardened with minute amounts of other metals and formed into the desired shape.
New cards
25
Fully jacketed cartridge
a lead core that is encased in a harder material, usually copper–nickel alloys or steel.
New cards
26
Semi-jacketed cartridge
has a metal jacket that covers only a portion of the bullet, with the nose often exposed.
New cards
27
Hollow-point cartridges
a semi jacketed bullet that has a hollowed-out tip to increase this effect.
New cards
28
Propellant
the fuel that propels the projectile down and out of the firearm’s barrel.
New cards
29
Black Powder
the first propellant to be used in firearms.
New cards
30
Smokeless Powder
Composed of nitrocellulose combined with various chemicals to stabilize the mix and modify it for safe manufacture and transport.
New cards
31
Primer
what ignites the propellant. It consists of a small metal cup containing a percussion-sensitive material that, when struck, creates enough heat to ignite the propellant.
New cards
32
Recoil
causes the cartridge base to smack against the breech face and receive an impression of any imperfections in the breech face.
New cards
33
Firing Pin Impression
the mark made by the firing pin as it strikes the printer cap.
New cards
34
Comparison stereomicroscope
used in performing bullet comparisons.
New cards
35
National Integration Ballistic Information Network (NIBIN)
automates ballistics evaluations and provides investigative leads by revealing connections between crimes in which the same firearm is used.
New cards
36
Primer Residues
mostly microscopic blobs of the molten metals
New cards
37
Sodium Rhodizonate
last chemical treatment used to visualize GSR
New cards
38
Bullet wipe
Residue of lead, primer materials, carbon, and other materials from the barrel that are transferred onto the outermost surface of the target by the bullet as it passes through.
New cards
39
Gunpowder Residues
violent chemical reaction of the primer and accelerant results in a cloud of molten metals, partially burned gunpowder flakes, smoke, and other microscopic debris.
Studied by 1 person
