Overview of Vaccinations

Made 5/2025 -- Used Chapter 70 and tables 70-1 through 70-6 from "McGraw Hill's NAPLEX Review Guide, 5th Edition (2025)"

What vaccines are combined into Pediarix?

• diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP)

• hepatitis B (Hep B)

• inactivated poliovirus vaccines (IPV)

What vaccines are combined into Pentacel?

• diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP)

• inactivated poliovirus (IPV)

• Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

What vaccines are combined into Kinrix?

• diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP)

• inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)

What vaccines are combined into Twinrix?

• hepatitis A (Hep A)

• hepatitis B (Hep B)

What vaccines are combined into Comvax?

• Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

• hepatitis B

What vaccines are combined into ProQuad?

• measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)

• varicella (chickenpox)

Who manufactures the Pediarix combo vaccine?

GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)

Who manufactures the Pentacel combo vaccine?

Sanofi Pasteur (SP)

Who manufactures the Kinrix combo vaccine?

GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)

Who manufactures the Twinrix combo vaccine?

GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)

Who manufactures the Comvax combo vaccine?

Merck

Who manufactures the ProQuad combo vaccine?

Merck

What is the dose and route of administration of Pediarix combo vaccine?

0.5 mL — intramuscular (IM)

What is the dose and route of administration of Pentacel combo vaccine?

0.5 mL — intramuscular (IM)

What is the dose and route of administration of Kinrix combo vaccine?

0.5 mL — intramuscular (IM)

What is the dose and route of administration of Twinrix combo vaccine?

1 mL — intramuscular (IM)

What is the dose and route of administration of Comvax combo vaccine?

0.5 mL — intramuscular (IM)

What is the dose and route of administration of ProQuad combo vaccine?

0.5 mL — subcutaneous (SC)

What adverse events could occur with administration of the DTaP vaccine?

• Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, erythema)

• fever

• fatigue

• vomiting

• anorexia

• febrile seizures (rare)

What adverse events could occur with administration of the Td/Tdap vaccine?

• Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, erythema)

• headache

• myalgias

• fatigue

• neuropathy (rare)

• paralysis (rare)

What adverse events could occur with administration of the Hep A vaccine?

• Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, erythema)

• headache

• malaise

• fever

• Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS)

What adverse events could occur with administration of the Hep B vaccine?

• Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, erythema)

• fever

• Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS)

What adverse events could occur with administration of the Hib vaccine?

• Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, erythema)

• fever

What adverse events could occur with administration of the HPV vaccine?

• Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, erythema)

• syncope

• nausea

• headache

• fever

• Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS)

• thromboembolism

What adverse events could occur with administration of the IPV vaccine?

• Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, erythema)

• fever

What adverse events could occur with administration of the MCV vaccine?

• Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, erythema)

• fever

• diarrhea

• anorexia

• drowsiness

• Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS)

What adverse events could occur with administration of the MMR vaccine?

not associated with an increased risk of autism

• Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, erythema)

• thrombocytopenia

• febrile seizures

• Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS)

What adverse events could occur with administration of the PCV vaccine?

• Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, erythema)

• fever

• febrile seizures

What adverse events could occur with administration of the PPSV vaccine?

• Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, erythema)

• fever

• myalgias

What adverse events could occur with administration of the RV vaccine?

• mild diarrhea and vomiting

• irritability

What adverse events could occur with administration of the varicella vaccine?

• Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, erythema)

• varicella-like rash

What adverse events could occur with administration of the ZVL vaccine?

• Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, erythema)

• fever

• arthralgias

• varicella-like reactions

What kind of vaccine is DTaP/DT/Td/Tdap: inactivated or live attenuated?

inactivated

What kind of vaccine is HepB/HepB-CpG: inactivated or live attenuated?

inactivated

What kind of vaccine is Hib: inactivated or live attenuated?

inactivated

What kind of vaccine is Hep A: inactivated or live attenuated?

inactivated

What kind of vaccine is HPV: inactivated or live attenuated?

inactivated

What kind of vaccine is IIV: inactivated or live attenuated?

inactivated

What kind of vaccine is IPV: inactivated or live attenuated?

inactivated

What kind of vaccine is PCV: inactivated or live attenuated?

inactivated

What kind of vaccine is PPSV: inactivated or live attenuated?

inactivated

What kind of vaccine is MCV: inactivated or live attenuated?

inactivated

What kind of vaccine is MPSV: inactivated or live attenuated?

inactivated

What kind of vaccine is MenB: inactivated or live attenuated?

inactivated

What kind of vaccine is influenza: inactivated or live attenuated?

inactivated

What kind of vaccine is RSV: inactivated or live attenuated?

inactivated

What kind of vaccine is MMR: inactivated or live attenuated?

live attenuated

What kind of vaccine is varicella: inactivated or live attenuated?

live attenuated

What kind of vaccine is RV: inactivated or live attenuated?

live attenuated

What kind of vaccine is LAIV: inactivated or live attenuated?

live attenuated

What kind of vaccine is yellow fever: inactivated or live attenuated?

live attenuated

What kind of vaccine is oral typhoid: inactivated or live attenuated?

live attenuated

When discussing vaccinations, what is the difference between precautions and contraindications?

Precautions: conditions that may increase the risk of an adverse reaction to a vaccine OR decrease the efficacy of the vaccine

Contraindications: are specific situations where a vaccine should not be administered, such as previous severe allergic reactions to the vaccine/a component of the vaccine or medical condition

Indication of COVID vaccine (both mRNA & protein subunit)

prevention of coronavirus infection

target population of COVID vaccine (both mRNA & protein subunit)

>6 months of age

indication of DTaP vaccine

prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis

target population of DTaP vaccine

children <7 years of age

indication of Td vaccine

• booster immunization against tetanus and diphtheria

• tetanus prophylaxis (preventative) in wound management

target population of Td vaccine

adolescents and adults >7 years of age

indication of Tdap vaccine

booster immunization against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis

target population of Tdap vaccine

adolescents and adults >11 years of age

indication of DT vaccine

prevention of diphtheria and tetanus

target population of DT vaccine

children <7 years of age who are allergic to pertussis vaccine

indication of Hep A vaccine

prevention of hepatitis A infection

target population of Hep A vaccine

• children >12 months of age

• adults at high risk for Hep A infection (for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis)

indication of Hep B/Hep B-CpG vaccine

prevention of hepatitis B infection

target population of Hep B/Hep B-CpG vaccine

• all infants beginning at birth

• unvaccinated children and adolescents

• adults at high risk for Hep B infection

indication of Hib vaccine

prevention of invasive bacterial disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b

target population of Hib vaccine

• children <5 years of age

• adults with sickle cell disease, asplenia, leukemia, stem cell transplant, or HIV infection

indication of HPV-9 vaccine

• prevention of cervical, vulvar, vaginal, and anal cancer

• prevention of precancerous or dysplastic lesions and genital warts caused by HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58

target population of HPV-9 vaccine

individuals 9 to 26 years old

HPV-9 vaccine is FDA approved for use in men and women aged 9 through 45 years; however, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends using shared clinical decision-making regarding use of the HPV-9 vaccine in patients >26 years

indication of IIV4/RIV4/LAIV4 vaccine

prevention of influenza disease caused by influenza A subtype viruses and type B viruses contained in the vaccine

target population of IIV4/RIV4/LAIV4 vaccine

all persons >6 months of age

indication of IPV vaccine

prevention of poliomyelitis caused by poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3

target population of IPV vaccine

all children

indication of MCV/MPSV vaccine

prevention of invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, Y, W135

target population of MCV/MPSV vaccine

• adolescents 11-12 years of age

• adults at high risk for meningococcal disease

indication of MenB-FHbp/MenB-4C vaccine

prevention of invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B

target population of MenB-FHbp/MenB-4C vaccine

high-risk children and adults >10 years of age at high risk (persistent complement component deficiencies, asplenia, microbiologists, outbreaks)

MenB-FHbp and MenB-4C vaccines are FDA approved for children and young adults aged 10-25 years

indication of MMR vaccine

prevention of measles, mumps, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome

target population of MMR vaccine

children >12 months of age

indication of PCV-15/PCV-20 vaccine

prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by Streptococcal Pneumoniae

target population of PCV-15/PCV-20 vaccine

• children <5 years of age

• adults 19-64 years of age

• high-risk adults >19 years of age (cochlear impact, asplenia, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, immunocompromising conditions, or immunosuppressive therapy)

PCV vaccine is FDA approved for children <5 years and adults 50 years and older; as of 2019, ACIP recommends shared clinical decision-making in recommending PCV-13 vaccine to persons aged ≥65 years without an immunocompromising condition, cerebrospinal fluid leak, or cochlear implant and who have not previously received PCV-13 vaccine

indication of PPSV vaccine

prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae

target population of PPSV vaccine

• adults >65 years of age

• high-risk patients aged 2-64 years of age (chronic heart disease (except hypertension), chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, cochlear implant, alcoholism, chronic liver disease, asplenia, immunocompromising condition or therapy, or those who smoke)

indication of RSV vaccine

prevention of lower respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus

target population of RSV vaccine

adults >60 years of age

indication of RV vaccine

prevention of gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus

target population of RV vaccine

infants aged 6 weeks to 8 months

indication of varicella vaccine

prevention of varicella caused by varicella-zoster virus

target population of varicella vaccine

children >12 months

indication of zoster vaccine

prevention of shingles and reducing the pain associated with shingles caused by herpes zoster

target population of zoster vaccine

adults aged 50 years and older

What are the brand names and the respective manufacturers of the COVID vaccine?

• Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech)

• Spikevax (Moderna)

• Novavax

What is the viral indication and dose of the Spikevax vaccine?

indicated for COVID

6 months-11 years: 0.25 mL/25mcg

>12 years: 0.5 mL/50mcg

What is the viral indication and dose of the Comirnaty vaccine?

indicated for COVID

6 months-4 years: 0.3 mL/30mcg

5 years-11 years: 0.3 mL/10mcg

>12 years: 0.3 mL/30mcg

What is the viral indication and dose of the Novavax vaccine?

indicated for COVID

>12 years: 0.5 mL

What route of administration is used for administering COVID vaccinations?

intramuscular

What is the dosing series of Spikevax?

6 months-4 years: two-dose series given at least 4-8 weeks apart

>5 years: single dose

For moderately or severely immunocompromised patients, give a three-dose series at 0, 4, and 8 weeks

What is the dosing series of Comirnaty?

6 months-4 years: three-dose series — second dose given at 3-8 weeks after dose 1; third dose 8 weeks after dose 2

>5 years: single dose

For moderately or severely immunocompromised patients, give a three-dose series at 0, 4, and 8 weeks