Physical Science - Chapter 19
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66 Terms
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Ammeter
a meter used to measure electric current through a circuit.
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pump
The ________ does work as it lifts the water to the storage tank, storing gravitational potential energy.
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Voltage
The "force "that moves electric charge carriers through an electric current; also called electric potential difference.
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Superconductor
________: a material with zero resistance.
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Voltmeter
a meter used to measure voltage.
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friction
Charging by ________: the process by which an object can gain excess charge while being rubbed by another object.
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Battery
a power source for DC electrical systems consisting of two or more electrochemical cells.
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Fuse
an electrical safety device that opens the circuit by melting when an overheated condition occurs due to excessive current.
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Ohms law
the law that states that the current in a circuit is directly related to the voltage and inversely related to the resistance.
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Ohm
the derived SI unit for electrical resistance.
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Grounding
the act of providing a path for an electric current to move into the earth.
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Ground fault interrupter
a safety device consisting of an outlet with a built- in circuit breaker.
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electric force
the field force between two charged objects
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electric field
a three-dimensional region around a charged object that will apply a force on other charged objects within that region
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electric potential energy
energy that is stored by a charged object in an electric field
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charging by friction
the process by which an object can gain excess charge while being rubbed by another object
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charging by conduction
the process by which one charged object can produce a second charged object by the two objects being placed in contact with each other and the excess charge being shared
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charging by induction
the process by which one charged object can produce a second charged object by allowing the electric force to move excess charge onto the second object while the two objects are not in contact with each other
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current electricity
electricity involving moving electric charges
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electric current
the movement of electric charge through a complete loop
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electric circuit
the loop through which current electricity can flow
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open circuit
an incomplete electric circuit that prevents the movement of charge
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closed circuit
a complete electric circuit that allows charge to flow
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direct current
electric current in which electric charges move in only one direction
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conventional current
the direction in a DC circuit that positive charges would flow; decided by agreement as the standard current direction
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alternating current
electric current in which the charge carriers change direction periodically
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electrical conductors
a material through which electric charge moves easily
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electrical insulator
a material through which electric charge does not move easily
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ampere
the fundamental SI unit of electric current
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ammeter
a meter used to measure electric current through a circuit
31
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voltage
The "force" that moves electric charge carriers through an electric current; also called electric potential difference
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voltmeter
a meter used to measure voltage
33
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battery
a power source for DC electrical systems consisting of two or more electrochemical cells
34
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ohm
the derived SI unit for electrical resistance
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superconductor
a material with zero resistance
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ohms law
the law that states that the current in a circuit is directly related to the voltage and inversely related to the resistance
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electrical load
an electrical device in a circuit that consumes electrical energy
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short circuit
an unintended path for an electric current
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series circuit
a circuit with only one path that electric current can take
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parallel circuit
a circuit with multiple paths that electric current can take
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electrical power
the work per second done or produced by an electrical system
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fuse
an electrical safety device that opens the circuit by melting when an overheated condition occurs due to excessive current
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circuit breaker
an electrical safety device consisting of an automatic switch that opens when there is too much current in a circuit
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grounding
the act of providing a path for electrical charge to move into the earth
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ground-fault interrupter
a safety device consisting of an outlet with a built-in circuit breaker
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electric force
the field force between two charged objects
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electric field
a three-dimensional region around a charged object that will apply a force on other charged objects within that region
48
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electric potential energy
energy that is stored by a charged object in an electric field. the quantity depends on the magnitude of the charges and the object’s position in the field
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charging by friction
the process by which an object can gain excess charge while being rubbed by another object
50
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charging by conduction
the process by which one charged object can produce a second charged object by the two objects being placed in contact with each other and the excess charge being shared
51
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charging by induction
the process by which one charged object can produce a second charged object by allowing the electric force to move excess charge onto the second object while the two objects are not in contact with each other
52
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current electricity
electricity involving moving electric charges
53
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electric current
the movement of electric charge through a complete loop
54
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electric circuit
the loop through which current electricity can flow
55
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open circuit
an incomplete electric circuit that prevents the movement of charge
56
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conventional current
the direction in a DC circuit that positive charges would flow; decided by agreement as the standard current direction
57
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alternating current
electric current in which the charge carriers change direction periodically
58
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electrical conductor
a material through which electric charge moves easily
59
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electrical insulator
a material through which electric charge does not move easily
60
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ampere
the fundamental SI unit of electric current
61
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electrical load
an electrical device in a circuit that consumes electrical energy
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short circuit
an unintended path for an electric current
63
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series circuit
a circuit with only one path that electric current can take
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parallel circuit
a circuit with multiple paths that electric current can take
65
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electrical power
the work per second done or produced by an electrical system
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circuit breaker
an electrical safety device consisting of an automatic switch that opens when there is too much current in a circuit