Lecture Notes on Sports Science and Exercise Physiology

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture on sports science, exercise physiology, and relevant scientific principles.

Democracy of Experts

The concept that if a high percentage of experts agree on something, it must be true.

Scientific Process

A systematic procedure that involves revising or rejecting hypotheses based on analysis of results and evaluation of new evidence.

Observation

The acquisition of information typically from a primary source using the senses and scientific instruments.

Hypothesis

A supposition or proposed explanation based on limited evidence, serving as a starting point for further investigation.

Test/Experiment

A procedure carried out to support, refute, or validate a hypothesis that must be repeatable.

Theory

A well-tested and supported idea which has substantial evidence backing it but is distinct from common use of 'idea'.

Fact

An observation or something that has been repeatedly verified and is close to the truth.

VO2 Max

The maximal value of oxygen consumption recorded during a progressive exercise test to exhaustion, indicating physical fitness.

Lactate Threshold

The exercise intensity at which lactate begins to accumulate in the bloodstream faster than it can be removed.

Force Velocity Curve

A concept that illustrates how force applied by a trained person can be higher at any given velocity.

Strength to Mass Ratio

The ratio that affects an athlete's ability to accelerate, crucial for jumping and sprinting.

High Energy Phosphate System

An energy system that produces ATP rapidly for short-term muscle movement, primarily involving stored ATP and phosphocreatine.

Anaerobic/Glycolytic System

An energy system that kicks in as high energy phosphate reserves deplete, producing lactate when oxygen is insufficient.

Aerobic Oxidative System

The primary energy system for exercises lasting over 10 minutes, relying on glycogen, glucose, fats, and proteins.

Principle of Overload

The principle stating that increases in strength and endurance occur when muscle or muscle groups are subjected to greater than normal workloads.

Newton's Laws of Motion

The three fundamental laws governing the motion of objects, including inertia, force equals mass times acceleration, and action-reaction forces.

Simulation Paradox

An effect showing when the marginal association of two categorical variables differs from their relationship when other variables are controlled.

Bell Curve

A normal distribution often used in statistics to represent data that is symmetrically distributed around a mean.

Type I vs Type II Errors

Type I error involves a false positive while Type II error represents a false negative, illustrating different types of statistical errors.

Energy Conservation

The principle that energy from nutrients not used for work is transformed into heat; only about 25% is utilized for biological work.

Sports Tests

Various assessments used to measure fitness components including aerobic and anaerobic capacity, speed, strength, and endurance.