Chapter 6: Bone (Osseous) Tissue

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to bone tissue and the skeletal system.

Functions of the skeletal system

Support, movement, protection, mineral storage, blood cell production.

Types of bone shapes

Long, short, flat, irregular.

Structure of a flat bone

Consists of two layers of compact bone with spongy bone in between.

Spongy bone vs. Compact bone

Spongy bone is lighter and provides support while compact bone is dense and provides strength.

Advantages of spongy bone in flat bones

Reduces weight of bone while still providing support and strength.

Structure of long bones

Contains diaphysis, epiphyses, medullary cavity, and is covered by periosteum.

Location of endosteum

Lines the medullary cavity of long bones.

Purpose of articular cartilage

Reduces friction and absorbs shock at joints.

Four types of bone cells

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and bone lining cells.

Osteon

Functional unit of compact bone, consisting of central canal and concentric lamellae.

Bone matrix components

Composed of collagen fibers, ground substance, and minerals.

Hydroxyapatite

Mineral compound in bone that provides hardness.

Location of blood vessels and nerves in compact bone

Within the central canal of osteons.

Hemopoietic meaning

Relating to the production of blood cells.

Calcification

Process of depositing minerals in bone tissue.

Endochondral ossification

Process by which bone develops from cartilage.

Epiphyseal plate

Growth plate that allows bones to lengthen during childhood.

Interstitial vs. appositional growth

Interstitial growth increases length, appositional growth increases width.

Hormonal effects on bone

Hormones such as calcitriol, calcitonin, and PTH regulate calcium levels and influence bone metabolism.

Achondroplastic dwarfism vs. Pituitary dwarfism

Achondroplastic is due to genetic factors affecting bone growth; pituitary is due to hormone deficiency.

Mineral deposition

Process of minerals being added to the bone matrix.

Ectopic ossification

Formation of bone in abnormal locations.

Hypercalcemia

High calcium levels in the blood.

Hypocalcemia

Low calcium levels in the blood.

Calcium homeostasis

Regulation of blood calcium levels through hormones.

Fracture types

Stress fractures and pathological fractures, with different causes and implications.

Osteoporosis information

Characterized by decreased bone density, affecting primarily older women, preventing through nutrition and exercise.

Number of bones in human skeleton

Typically 206 bones in an adult human skeleton.