BIOL 202 Practical (master)

euglenoids and kinetoplastids

Excavata

chlorophyta and rhodophyta

Archaeplastida

ciliophora, apicomplexa, and dinozoa

Alveolata

bacillariophyceae and phaeophyceae

Stramenopila

radiolaria and foraminifera

Rhizaria

slime molds and amoebas

Amoebozoa

Gram positive

purple, actinobacteria

Gram negative

pink, proteobacteria

Alveoli

saclike vesicles found in supergroup Alveolata

Thecate

armored (with plates)

Athecate

Unarmored

Pseuodopods

“false feet” for movement

Cocci shape

sphere

Bacilli shape

rod

Vibrios shape

comma

Spirilli shape

spiral

Monecious

female and male on same plant

Dioecious

female and male on different plants

Homosporous

spores all same size

Heterosporous

spores of different sizes

Gemmae cups

cups on liverworts, used for reproduction

Tracheophytes

Vascular plants

Dichotomous branching

always branches into two (simple branching), seen in Ginkgophyta

Azola fern

cyanobacteria lives in _____ and helps it

Microphylls

leaf with one vein, seen in selaginellales

Megaphylls

more complex leaves with multiple veins

Spermatophytes

seed producing plants

opposite, alternate, or whorled

Leaf arrangements

Gymnosperms

“naked seeds”

Coralloid roots

above-ground roots (contain Cyanobacteria)

Parsimony

simplest explanation is the best

Stamen

male part of flower: anther and filament

Carpel

female part of flower: stigma, style, and ovary

Monocots

flower petals in groups of 3 (or 6) + long simple leaves

Eudicots

flower petals in groups of 4 or 5 + thicker and more complex leaves

Clade

common ancestor and ALL descendants

Synapomorphy

shared derived character seen in clade

Branches

nodes x 2

unicellular

Are bacteria unicellular or multicellular?

eukaryotes

Are protists prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

cellulose

In all land plants, provide structural support.

fruit

mature ovary, dry or fleshy

Marchantiophyta

Bryophyta

Lycopodiales

Selaginellales

Psilotales

Equisitales

Polypodiales

Spirochaetes

Actinobacteria

Cyanobacteria

Proteobacteria

Euglenoids (excavata)

Kinetoplastids (excavata)

Chlorophyta (archeoplastida)

Rhodophyta (archeoplastida)

Ciliophora (alveolata)

Apicomplexa (alveolata)

Dinozoa (alveolata)

Bacillariophyceae (stamenopila)

Phaeophyceae (stramenopila)

Radiolaria (rhizoids)

Foraminifera (rhizoids)

naked amoebas (amoebazoa)

Choanoflagellates (opisthokonta)

Cycadophyta (coralloid roots)

ANA Grade

Most primitive flower

choanoflagellates

Opisthokonta