Studied by 14 peopleSimile
A comparison of two unlike things using like or as
Metaphor
comparison not using like or as
Personification
the giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea
Hyperbole
extreme exaggeration
Sensory detail
words and phrases that create imagery by using the 5 senses
Rhetoric
Rhetoric
the art of using language effectively and persuasively
Ethos
establishes personal credentials
Logos
reason and facts
Pathos
inspiring an emotional response
Tone
Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character
DIDLS
D- diction
I- imagery
D- details
L- language
S- syntax
SOAPS
S- speaker
O- occasion
A- audience
P- purpose
S- subject
SPACECAT
S-Speaker
P- Purpose
A- Audience,
C- Context,
E- Exigence,
C- Choices,
A- Appeals,
T- Tone
Claim
the writer's position on an issue or problem
Evidence
pieces of text used to prove something true
Thesis
a defensible statement
Counter
opposite side
Fallacies
a misleading or false idea; mistaken reasoning
First hand evidence
Evidence based on something the writer knows, whether it's from personal experience, observations, or general knowledge of events.
Personal Experience
A short story about an experience in your life that is relevant to the writing topic.
Anecdotes
short, often amusing stories
Current events
situations happening right now around the world that can be used as evidence for an argument
Second-hand evidence
Evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation including factual, historical information, and statistics
Historical Events
something that happened in the past that can be used as evidence
Bandwagon Appeal
A claim that a listener should accept an argument because of how many other people have already accepted it.
8 parts of speech
noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection
Noun
A person, place, thing, or idea
Pronoun
A word that takes the place of a noun
Adjective
A word that describes a noun
Verb
An action word
Adverb
A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb
Preposition
A word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word
Conjunction
A word used to join words or groups of words
Interjection
a word thrown into a sentence or conversation
Pronoun/ Antecedent Agreement
Matching like numbers of pronouns and their antecedents: singular with singular, plural with plural
Noun/Verb Agreement
nouns and verbs must agree in number, type, and tense.
Commonly Misused Words
affect (verb) vs. effect (noun)
farther (distance) vs further (time or quantity)
there (location) vs. their (possession)
accept (take) vs. except (besides)
rein vs. reign
Comma rules
Use a comma with a coordinating conjunction to separate independent clauses within a sentence.
Use a comma to separate elements that introduce and modify a sentence.
Use commas before and after a parenthetical expression.
Use commas before and after an appositive.
Use a comma to set off an interjection.
Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.
Use commas to set off a nonrestrictive phrase or clause.
Use a comma to separate items in a list or series.
Use commas in dates, addresses, place names, numbers, and quotations.
Use commas before a noun of direct address
Example of Apostrophes
My friend's house is at the end of the street.
The Women's Society meets every Thursday at the high school.
Someone's bicycle is leaning against the building.
Examples of a Semicolon
Jane starts a new job today; she is very excited.
I don't understand the directions; my teacher must explain them to me.
Examples of Colon
We are required to bring the following items to camp: a sleeping bag, a pillow, an alarm clock, clothes, and personal-care items.
Jennifer encountered a problem that she had not anticipated: a broken Internet link.
Captain John Paul Jones said: "I have not yet begun to fight." Dear Mr. Smith:
Blaze: A Story of Courage
Example of parenthesis
In addition to serving as Class Treasurer (during her junior year), she was also a National Merit Scholar.
Alan visited the Football Hall of Fame (on a guided tour) during his summer vacation.
Who vs. Whom
The word "who" is used as a subject in a sentence. The word "whom" is used as an object.
Example of a Dash
Dr. Evans—a noted scientist and educator—spoke at our commencement ceremony.
The Homecoming float—cobbled together with wire and nails—teetered dangerously down the street.
Show vs. Tell
the more you "show" what is going on in your writing through the five senses and emotion, the more your reader stays in the story; when you tell, you are giving information.
Five main events from Into the Wild
Chris graduated from college and started planning his "odyssey"
Chris cut off all contact with his parents, abandoned his car, burnt all of his money, and
Chris starts to consider going back to civilization
Chris ate wild potato seeds
Chris's body was discovered in the abandoned bus by travelers
Five main events from the documentary
Alex practiced and practiced and practiced climbing Al Cap with his friend (another free soloist) while using ropes
Alex got a brain scan and found out his amygdala didn't work
Alex set out early one morning to free solo El Cap but turned around after getting to the slick part because he got nervous
Alex and Sonny bought a house together
Alex free soloed El Cap for the first time in human history
Abundant
Present in large quantities
Accurate
Correct; free from errors
Acquire
To come into possession of
Adamant
Refusing to change an opinion
Adequate
Enough to meet a specific task or purpose
Adequate
Enough to suit your needs
Adjacent
Close to or next to
Adverse
Unfavorable; against one's desires
Note
Flashcard