Gr.9 Space unit exam study chunk 1
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23 Terms
Meteorite
A piece of space rock that survives passing through Earth’s atmosphere and lands on the surface.
Comet
An icy object that orbits the Sun and forms a glowing tail when it gets close to the Sun.
Universe
Everything that exists, including space, time, matter, energy, and all galaxies.
Telescope
A tool that collects and magnifies light to observe distant objects in space.
Star Cluster
A group of stars formed from the same nebula and held together by gravity.
Cosmology
The study of the origin, structure, evolution, and future of the universe.
Neutron Star
An extremely dense star formed after a supernova, made mostly of neutrons.
Pulsar
A rapidly rotating neutron star that emits regular pulses of radiation.
Black Hole
An object with gravity so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape it.
Red Giant
A star that expands and cools after it begins to run out of hydrogen fuel.
Black Dwarf
A theoretical object formed when a white dwarf cools completely; none exist yet because the universe is not old enough.
Star Life Cycle
Nebula → Protostar → Main Sequence → Red Giant/Supergiant → White Dwarf or Supernova → Neutron Star or Black Hole.
Space Travel
The use of rockets and spacecraft to explore space beyond Earth.
Age of the Universe
About 13.8 billion years old based on scientific measurements.
Age of Earth
About 4.6 billion years old based on radiometric dating.
Age and Future of the Sun
About 4.6 billion years old; will become a red giant, then a white dwarf, and eventually a black dwarf.
Apparent Magnitude
A measure of how bright a star appears from Earth, not its actual brightness.
Nebula
A large cloud of gas and dust in space where stars are formed.
Galaxy
A massive system of billions of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter held together by gravity.
Red Shift
When light from an object moving away stretches and shifts toward the red end of the spectrum.
Blue Shift
When light from an object moving closer compresses and shifts toward the blue end of the spectrum.
Dark Matter
Invisible matter that does not emit light but has gravity and helps hold galaxies together.
Dark Energy
A mysterious force causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate
Note 
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