Functional Groups - Orgo

alkyl halides, oxygen containing funct. groups, nitrogen containing funct. groups

primary (1^o) alkyl halide

2 H’s

secondary (2^o) alkyl halide

1 H

tertiary (3^o) alkyl halide

0 H’s

if the alkyl halide has 2 halogens, and they’re on the same carbon, it is called __.

geminal

if the alkyl halide has 2 halogens, and they’re on neighboring carbons, it is called __.

vicinal

alcohol

“OH” group connected to an alkyl chain

phenol group

OH group attached to a aromatic carbon ring with alternating double bonds

ether

oxygen connected to 2 alkyl chains

aldehyde

has a carbonyl (C=O). connected to 1 alkyl group, and a dead end (H)

ketone

has a carbonyl (C=O). connected to 2 alkyl groups

carboxylic acid

carbon connected to 2 O’s, one of them connected to a a dead end(H). (1 alkyl group)

ester

carbon connected to 2 O’s, connected to 2 alkyl groups

amine

an NHR (amino group) connected to an alkyl chain.

primary amine

1 NHR bond to alkyl group

secondary amine

2 NHR bonds to alkyl groups (aka connected to 2 alkyl groups)

tertiary amine

3 NHR bonds to alkyl groups (aka connected to 3 alkyl groups)