Vocab Quiz 1A

Individual

An object described in a set of data. They can be people, animals, or things.

Variable

A characteristic that can take different values for different individuals

Categorical variable

Takes values that are labels, which place each individual into a particular group, called a category

Quantitative Variables

Takes number values that are quantities - counts or measurements.

Distribution of a variable

Tells us what vales the variable takes and how often it takes each value

Frequency Table

shows the number of individuals having each value

Relative Frequency Table

Shows the proportion or percentage of individuals having each value

Bar Graph

shows each category as a bar. The heights of the bats show the category frequencies or relative frequencies

Statistics

The science and art of collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data.

Pie Chart

Shows each category as a slice of the pie. The areas of the slices are proportional to the category frequencies or relative frequencies

Side-by-side bar graph

displays the distribution of one categorical variable in each of two or more groups

discrete variable

A quantitative variable that takes a countable set of possible values with gaps between them of the number line.

continuous variable

A quantitative variable that can take any value in an interval on the number line

dotplot

shows each data value as a dot above its location on a number line

Roughly symmetric

When the right side of the graph (containing the half of the observations with the largest values) is approximately a mirror image of the left side

skewed to the right

When the right side of the graph is much longer than the left side

skewed to the left

When the left side of the graph is much longer than the right side

approximately uniform

A distribution in which the frequencies (relative frequencies) of each possible value is about the same

overall pattern

Described by the distributions chape, center, and variability

outlier

An observation that falls outside the overall pattern

stemplot

Shows each data value separated into two parts: a stem, which consists of the leftmost digits, and a leaf, consisting of the final digit. The stems are ordered from least to greatest and arranged in a vertical column. The leaves are arranged in increasing order out from the appropriate stems.

back-to-back stem plot

compare the distribution of a quantitative variable in two groups

histogram

Shows each interval as a bar. The height’s of the bars show the frequencies of values in each interval.