Note
Studied by 10 peopleCPCT/A Exam Test Plan Notes
Domain 1: Patient Care
Provide basic patient care under the direction of nursing staff (e.g., bathing, bed-making, catheter care, assisting with activities of daily living [ADLs], positioning).
Activities of Daily Living (ADLs): Routine activities people do every day without assistance.
Proper body mechanics.
Body Mechanics: The coordinated and safe use of the body to produce motion and maintain balance during activity.
Patient bathing techniques:
Partial bath.
Partial Bath: Cleaning only the areas of the body that are prone to causing odor or discomfort.
Sitz bath.
Sitz Bath: A warm, shallow bath that cleanses the perineum.
Full bed bath.
Full Bed Bath: Washing the entire body of a patient who is confined to bed.
Oral care:
Denture care.
Denture Care: Cleaning and maintenance of dentures.
Special mouth care.
Special Mouth Care: Oral hygiene for patients with conditions like stomatitis or those who are NPO (nothing by mouth).
Perineal care (e.g., catheter care).
Perineal Care: Cleaning of the perineum and genitalia.
Foley catheter care.
Foley Catheter Care: Cleaning and maintenance of a Foley catheter to prevent infection.
Types of patient beds:
Closed.
Closed Bed: A bed prepared in a hospital room for a new patient.
Open.
Open Bed: A bed made with the top linens folded back to allow easy entry for the patient.
Surgical.
Surgical Bed: A bed prepared to receive a patient after surgery.
Occupied.
Occupied Bed: Making a bed while a patient is in it.
How to operate patient beds.
Considerations in caring for patients who have functional limitations:
Physical impairment.
Physical Impairment: Limitations in a person's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity, or stamina.
Sensory impairment.
Sensory Impairment: A diminished or lost ability to process sensory information.
Cognitive impairment.
Cognitive Impairment: Difficulty with memory, learning, concentration, or decision-making.
Mental impairment.
Mental Impairment: A condition that affects a person's thinking, feeling, or mood.
Provide emotional support for a patient and family while performing patient care.
Therapeutic communication techniques.
Therapeutic Communication Techniques: Methods used to provide support and encouragement to patients.
Culturally competent care.
Culturally Competent Care: Providing care that respects and considers the patient's cultural beliefs and practices.
Positive and negative coping mechanisms.
Coping Mechanisms: Strategies people use to deal with stress and difficult emotions.
Set up equipment to be used by a patient (e.g., oxygen equipment, suction equipment, monitors).
Structure and function of body systems.
Common disease processes:
Myocardial infarction.
Myocardial Infarction: Heart attack, occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked.
Cardiovascular disease.
Cardiovascular Disease: A range of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels.
Congestive heart failure.
Congestive Heart Failure: A chronic condition where the heart cannot pump blood effectively.
Diabetes.
Diabetes: A metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels.
Cancers in general.
Cancer: Diseases in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs.
Oral suctioning.
Oral Suctioning: Removing saliva, mucus, or other secretions from the mouth.
Oxygen delivery systems:
Rebreather masks.
Rebreather Masks: A mask that allows for the rebreathing of exhaled air.
Nasal cannula.
Nasal Cannula: A device used to deliver supplemental oxygen to a patient.
Provide care for a patient who has a feeding tube (e.g., take aspiration precautions, observe tubing for kinks or problems).
Types of feeding tubes:
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy [PEG] tube.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) Tube: A feeding tube inserted into the stomach through the abdominal wall using an endoscope.
Gastrostomy [G] tube.
Gastrostomy (G) Tube: A feeding tube surgically implanted through the abdomen into the stomach.
Nasogastric [NG] tube.
Nasogastric (NG) Tube: A feeding tube that is inserted through the nose into the stomach.
Considerations for patients who have feeding tubes:
Recognizing and reporting complications.
Aspiration precautions for patients who have difficulty swallowing:
Patient positioning.
Recognize and adapt approach to care for a patient who has functional limitations (e.g., physical, sensory, cognitive, or mental impairment).
Considerations in caring for patients who have functional limitations:
Recognizing and reporting complications.
Report any changes in a patient’s condition (e.g., level of consciousness, shortness of breath).
Signs and symptoms of changing patient condition:
Loss of consciousness.
Shortness of breath.
Change to psychological or emotional state.
Monitor and record functions related to bodily functions (e.g., urine output, emesis, bowel movements).
Characteristics and measurement of expected and unexpected intake and output.
Perform ostomy care, excluding irrigation.
Ostomy Care: Cleaning and maintenance of an ostomy site.
Assist with ostomy care.
Monitor, record, and accurately measure intake and output (e.g., percentage of meal eaten, mL of fluid).
Characteristics and measurement of expected and unexpected intake and output.
Perform passive range-of-motion (ROM) exercises for a patient.
Passive Range-of-Motion (ROM) Exercises: Exercises where someone moves the patient's joints through their full range of motion.
Passive ROM techniques.
Assist the patient with adaptive devices for ADLs (e.g., feeding and dressing devices, ambulatory assistive devices).
Adaptive Devices: Tools and equipment used to assist with everyday tasks or activities.
Adaptive devices and their operation/use.
Perform patient rounding (e.g., check for consciousness, breathing, positioning).
Signs and symptoms of changing patient condition.
Elements of patient rounding:
Pain.
Positioning.
Personal needs.
Proactive ADLs.
Factors to consider when prioritizing patient needs:
Fall risk.
Elopement risk.
Elopement Risk: The risk of a patient leaving a healthcare facility without permission or knowledge of staff.
Rapid responses.
Rapid Response: A team that responds to patients showing signs of deterioration.
Stat laboratory values.
Stat Laboratory Values: Lab results that are needed immediately.
Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers (HCAHPS).
Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS): A survey used to measure patients' perceptions of their hospital experience.
Remove peripheral IVs.
Peripheral IVs: Intravenous catheters inserted into a peripheral vein.
IV discontinuation process and techniques.
Assist in sterile and aseptic dressing changes.
Aseptic and Sterile Techniques: Procedures to prevent contamination and infection.
Aseptic and sterile dressing techniques.
Assist a patient with ambulation.
Ambulation: The act of walking.
Purpose and use of a gait belt.
Gait Belt: A device used to help transfer and ambulate patients safely.
Transfer a non-weight-bearing patient (e.g., stretcher to bed).
Mechanical lift operation, including safety precautions.
Mechanical Lift: A device used to transfer patients who are unable to bear weight.
Types of transfers:
Stretcher to bed.
Bed to wheelchair.
Transfer a weight-bearing patient.
Purpose and use of a gait belt.
Types of transfers:
Stretcher to bed.
Bed to wheelchair.
Transport a patient via bed, stretcher, or wheelchair.
Patient transport considerations:
Backing into elevator.
Moving slowly over bumps.
Raised side rails.
Apply immobility splints to a patient.
Immobility Splints: Devices used to immobilize and support a body part.
Safe splint application.
Provide skin care (e.g., repositioning, nonprescription creams, moisture barriers) and use devices (e.g., air mattresses, draw sheets) to prevent skin breakdown.
Signs of impaired circulation.
Stages of skin breakdown.
Devices to prevent skin breakdown:
Air mattresses.
Draw sheets.
Draw Sheets: Sheets placed under patients to assist with repositioning.
Basic body positions:
Prone.
Prone: Lying face down.
Supine.
Supine: Lying face up.
Fowler’s.
Fowler's: A semi-sitting position with the head of the bed raised.
When to use them.
Identify and report changes in skin integrity.
Skin Integrity: The condition of the skin.
Signs of impaired circulation.
Stages of skin breakdown.
Apply sequential compression devices.
Sequential Compression Devices (SCDs): Inflatable sleeves that help prevent blood clots.
Purpose and use of sequential compression devices.
Apply antiembolism stockings/compression hose.
Antiembolism Stockings: Elastic stockings that help prevent blood clots.
Purpose and use of antiembolism stockings/ compression hose.
Assist a patient with turn, cough, and deep breathing (TCDB) exercises.
Turn, Cough, and Deep Breathing (TCDB) Exercises: Exercises that help prevent respiratory complications.
Purpose and use of TCDB exercises.
Assist a patient with incentive spirometry.
Incentive Spirometry: A device used to encourage deep breathing and lung expansion.
Purpose and use of an incentive spirometer.
Administer first aid.
First Aid: Immediate medical care given to an injured or ill person.
Basic first aid techniques.
Perform health care provider CPR.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): Emergency procedure for manually preserving brain function until further measures can restore spontaneous circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
Signs of need for CPR.
Basic life support for health care providers.
American Heart Association CPR guidelines.
Report critical values (e.g., blood glucose levels, vital signs) to the appropriate nurse assigned to the patient.
Critical values (e.g., point-of-care testing, vital signs).
Critical Values: Lab results that are outside the normal range and may indicate a life-threatening condition.
Vital signs, parameters, and methods for obtaining them.
Vital Signs: Measurements of the body's most basic functions, including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure.
Recognize and report edema.
Edema: Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues.
Signs and symptoms of edema.
Recognize and report patient pain using a pain scale.
Signs and symptoms of pain.
Pain Scale: A tool used to measure a patient's pain level.
Recognize and report signs and symptoms of a wound infection.
Wound: An injury to living tissue caused by a cut, blow, or other impact, typically one in which the skin is cut or broken.
Indicators of the need for a dressing change.
Wound care techniques.
Follow the Five Rights of Delegation.
Five Rights of Delegation: A set of principles that guide safe and effective delegation.
Five Rights of Delegation.
Prioritize patient care based on patient’s needs.
Factors to consider when prioritizing patient needs:
Fall risk.
Elopement risk.
Rapid responses.
Stat laboratory values.
Recognize visual abnormalities in patient specimens (e.g., stool, sputum, urine, emesis).
Appearances and quantities of normal and abnormal specimens.
Specimen: A sample, such as blood, urine, or tissue, taken for medical testing.
Obtain, record, monitor, and report vital signs.
Vital signs, parameters, and methods for obtaining them.
Special considerations in obtaining blood pressure readings:
Patients who have venous or arterial access.
Venous Access: A catheter placed in a vein for administering fluids or medications.
Mastectomy patients.
Mastectomy: Surgical removal of one or both breasts.
Weigh a patient (e.g., standing, wheelchair-bound, using bed scales).
Types of scales:
Electronic.
Bed.
Mechanical.
Their use.
Provide noncurative care to a patient who is receiving hospice care.
Hospice Care: Care provided to patients with a terminal illness.
Positive and negative coping mechanisms.
Kübler-Ross’ five stages of grief.
End-of-life care.
Support the coping mechanisms of a patient and family who are dealing with grief, death, and dying.
Positive and negative coping mechanisms.
Kübler-Ross’ five stages of grief.
Kübler-Ross’ Five Stages of Grief: a model that describes five distinct stages of emotion that people experience after a loss: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
End-of-life care.
Perform postmortem care.
Postmortem Care: Care of the body after death.
Postmortem care process.
Domain 2: Compliance, Safety, and Professional Responsibility
Define, identify, and report abuse or neglect.
Different types of abuse.
Methods for identifying indications of abuse.
Role of social services in health care.
Mandated reporting.
Patients’ Bill of Rights.
Medical ethics.
Prevent workplace injuries by following Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): A federal agency that sets and enforces standards for workplace safety.
Resources and regulations regarding workplace safety:
OSHA.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH].
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): A federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): A federal agency responsible for protecting public health and safety through the control and prevention of disease, injury, and disability.
Safety Data Sheets (SDS).
Safety Data Sheets (SDS): Documents that provide information about the hazards of chemicals.
Emergency/disaster preparedness:
RACE (Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish).
RACE (Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish): A mnemonic for the steps to take in case of a fire.
PASS (Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep).
PASS (Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep): A mnemonic for the steps to take when using a fire extinguisher.
Operational standards:
The Joint Commission (TJC).
The Joint Commission (TJC): An organization that accredits and certifies healthcare organizations.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI): An organization that develops standards for laboratory practices.
Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS).
Recognize and respond to emergency situations (e.g., fire, hostage, biological hazard).
Resources and regulations regarding workplace safety:
OSHA.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC].
Safety Data Sheets (SDS).
Emergency/disaster preparedness:
RACE.
PASS.
Follow procedures for identifying patients.
The two patient identifiers using National Patient Safety Goals:
Name.
Date of birth.
Operational standards:
TJC.
CLSI.
HCAHPS.
HIPAA regulations.
HIPAA Regulations: Federal regulations that protect the privacy and security of patients' health information.
Patients’ Bill of Rights.
Electronic health records.
Electronic Health Records: Digital versions of patients' paper charts.
Follow The Joint Commission (TJC) patient safety guidelines.
Resources and regulations regarding workplace safety:
OSHA.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC].
Safety Data Sheets (SDS).
Operational standards:
TJC.
CLSI.
HCAHPS.
Follow safety procedures when using medical supplies and equipment (e.g., lock hospital bed, lock wheelchairs, raise stretcher side rails, apply safety belts and restraints).
Resources and regulations regarding workplace safety:
OSHA.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC].
Operational standards:
TJC.
CLSI.
HCAHPS.
Report and document work-related accidents.
Mandated reporting.
Resources and regulations regarding workplace safety:
OSHA.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC].
Safety Data Sheets (SDS).
Adhere to HIPAA regulations regarding protected health information (PHI).
Protected Health Information (PHI): Any information about health status, provision of health care, or payment for health care that can be linked to an individual.
HIPAA regulations.
Adhere to Patients’ Bill of Rights.
Patients’ Bill of Rights.
Patient’s Bill of Rights: A list of rights that patients have regarding their medical care.
Medical ethics.
Communicate with other health care professionals using electronic health records and appropriate medical terminology.
Electronic health records.
Medical terminology.
Follow the chain of command.
Health care setting chain of command.
Chain of Command: The hierarchy of authority and responsibility in a healthcare setting.
Adhere to operational standards (e.g., TJC, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [CLSI], national standards, Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers [HCAHPS], medical codes of ethics).
Operational standards:
TJC.
CLSI.
HCAHPS.
Medical ethics.
Practice within defined scope of patient care technician practice.
Scope of practice of the patient care technician.
Scope of Practice: The range of duties and responsibilities that a healthcare professional is authorized to perform.
Domain 3: Infection Control
Use standard and transmission-based precautions.
Standard Precautions: Infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin (including rashes), and mucous membranes.
CDC standard and transmission-based precautions.
Transmission-Based Precautions: Additional infection control measures, beyond standard precautions, used to prevent the spread of highly transmissible or epidemiologically important infectious agents. These include contact, droplet, and airborne precautions.
Cause and prevention of health care-associated infections.
Healthcare-Associated Infections: Infections that patients acquire during the course of receiving treatment for other conditions within a healthcare setting.
OSHA guidelines.
Personal protective equipment use while following standard precautions:
Gloves.
Gowns.
Masks.
Shoe covers.
Chain of infection.
Chain of Infection: The sequence of elements necessary for an infection to occur and spread: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.
Common health care-associated infections:
Urinary tract infection.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA].
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA): A type of staph bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics.
Clostridium difficile [C. difficile].
Clostridium Difficile (C. Difficile): A bacterium that can cause diarrhea and colitis.
Disinfect equipment before and after use.
CDC standard and transmission-based precautions.
Cause and prevention of health care-associated infections.
Disinfectant dry times:
Bleach.
Alcohol.
Ammonia chlorides.
Dispose of biohazardous materials (e.g., sharps containers, red bags) according to OSHA standards.
Biohazardous Materials: Substances that pose a risk to human health or the environment.
CDC standard and transmission-based precautions.
OSHA guidelines.
Personal protective equipment use while following standard precautions:
Gloves.
Gowns.
Masks.
Shoe covers.
Follow exposure control plans in the event of occupational exposure.
CDC standard and transmission-based precautions.
OSHA guidelines.
Perform aseptic technique.
Aseptic Technique: Procedures used to prevent contamination and infection.
CDC standard and transmission-based precautions.
Cause and prevention of health care-associated infections.
Personal protective equipment use while following standard precautions:
Gloves.
Gowns.
Masks.
Shoe covers.
Chain of infection.
Common health care-associated infections:
Urinary tract infection.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA].
Clostridium difficile [C. difficile].
Perform sterile technique.
Sterile Technique: Procedures used to maintain a completely sterile environment, free from all microorganisms.
CDC standard and transmission-based precautions.
Cause and prevention of health care-associated infections.
Personal protective equipment use while following standard precautions:
Gloves.
Gowns.
Masks.
Shoe covers.
Chain of infection.
Common health care-associated infections:
Urinary tract infection.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA].
Clostridium difficile [C. difficile].
Domain 4: Phlebotomy
Perform capillary punctures.
Capillary Puncture: A procedure in which a small amount of blood is collected from a finger or heel.
Vascular system as it relates to phlebotomy.
Vascular System: The network of blood vessels responsible for circulating blood throughout the body.
Order of draw for capillary and venipuncture collections.
Order of Draw: The sequence in which blood tubes should be filled during venipuncture to avoid cross-contamination of additives.
Site selection.
Appropriate equipment for capillary and venipunctures.
Chain of infection.
Patient identification guidelines for phlebotomy.
CDC standards as they relate to specimen collection and transportation:
Prevention of bloodborne pathogens.
Exposure control.
Asepsis.
Information required on requisition forms:
Testing requirements.
Patient information.
Implied or informed consent requirements.
Informed Consent: Permission granted in the knowledge of the possible consequences.
Testing requirements:
Fasting.
Medication.
Basal state.
Insertion and removal techniques.
Tube additives appropriate to testing requirements.
Additives: Substances added to blood collection tubes to preserve or facilitate testing of the blood.
Patient safety considerations:
Armrest on chair.
Wheelchair wheels locked.
Fall precautions.
Common complications during or as a result of primary collection:
Lack of blood flow.
Hematoma.
Hematoma: A localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, usually in liquid form within the tissue.
Petechiae.
Petechiae: Small red or purple spots on the skin, caused by minor hemorrhage of small blood vessels.
Nerve injury.
Perform venipuncture (e.g., winged infusion set, evacuated tube system, syringe).
Venipuncture: The process of collecting a blood sample from a vein.
Vascular system as it relates to phlebotomy.
Phlebotomy standards:
Phlebotomy: The process of collecting blood samples.
CLSI.
CLIA.
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA): Federal regulatory standards for clinical laboratory testing.
Order of draw for capillary and venipuncture collections.
Site selection.
Appropriate equipment for capillary and venipunctures.
Chain of infection.
Patient identification guidelines for phlebotomy.
Special considerations for venipuncture:
Medication review.
Limb restrictions.
Mastectomy.
Stroke.
Considerations in determining venous accessibility:
Patient age and condition.
CDC standards as they relate to specimen collection and transportation:
Prevention of bloodborne pathogens.
Exposure control.
Asepsis.
Information required on requisition forms:
Testing requirements.
Patient information.
Implied or informed consent requirement.
Testing requirements:
Fasting.
Medication.
Basal state.
Insertion and removal techniques.
Tube additives appropriate to testing requirements.
Patient safety considerations:
Armrest on chair.
Wheelchair wheels locked.
Fall precautions.
Common complications during or as a result of primary collection:
Lack of blood flow.
Hematoma.
Petechiae.
Nerve injury.
Collect nonblood specimens.
Nonblood Specimens: Samples such as urine, stool, or sputum.
Chain of infection.
Patient identification guidelines for phlebotomy.
Nonblood specimen collection techniques.
CDC standards as they relate to specimen collection and transportation:
Prevention of bloodborne pathogens.
Exposure control.
Asepsis.
Information required on requisition forms:
Testing requirements.
Patient information.
Implied or informed consent requirements.
Perform blood culture collections.
Blood Culture: A laboratory test to check for bacteria or other microorganisms in a blood sample.
Vascular system as it relates to phlebotomy.
Phlebotomy standards:
CLSI.
CLIA.
Order of draw for capillary and venipuncture collections.
Site selection.
Chain of infection.
Patient identification guidelines for phlebotomy.
CDC standards as they relate to specimen collection and transportation:
Prevention of bloodborne pathogens.
Exposure control.
Asepsis.
Information required on requisition forms:
Testing requirements.
Patient information.
Implied or informed consent requirements.
Testing requirements:
Fasting.
Medication.
Basal state.
Insertion and removal techniques.
Tube additives appropriate to testing requirements.
Patient safety considerations:
Armrest on chair.
Wheelchair wheels locked.
Fall precautions.
Common complications during or as a result of primary collection:
Lack of blood flow.
Hematoma.
Petechiae.
Nerve injury.
Blood culture collection technique.
Identify and respond to adverse reactions to collection (syncope, diaphoresis, nausea, seizure).
Adverse Reactions: Undesirable or unexpected effects caused by a medical treatment or procedure.
Phlebotomy standards:
CLSI.
CLIA.
Common adverse reactions to collection:
Syncope.
Syncope: Fainting or loss of consciousness.
Diaphoresis.
Diaphoresis: Excessive sweating.
Nausea.
Nausea: A feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit
Seizure.
Seizure: A sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain.
Common complications during or as a result of primary collection:
Lack of blood flow.
Hematoma.
Petechiae.
Nerve injury.
Handle and transport blood samples.
Vascular system as it relates to phlebotomy.
Phlebotomy standards:
CLSI.
CLIA.
Chain of infection.
Patient identification guidelines for phlebotomy.
CDC standards as they relate to specimen collection and transportation:
Prevention of bloodborne pathogens.
Exposure control.
Asepsis.
Information required on requisition forms:
Testing requirements.
Patient information.
Transport specimens based on handling requirements (e.g., temperature, light, time).
Phlebotomy standards:
CLSI.
CLIA.
Information required on requisition forms:
Testing requirements.
Patient information.
Label specimens at the bedside.
Phlebotomy standards:
CLSI.
CLIA.
Patient identification guidelines for phlebotomy.
Information required on requisition forms:
Testing requirements.
Patient information.
Specimen labeling techniques and requirements.
Verify appropriate functioning of equipment (e.g., sterility, expiration date, manufacturer’s defects).
Phlebotomy standards:
CLSI.
CLIA.
Appropriate equipment for capillary and venipunctures.
CDC standards as they relate to specimen collection and transportation:
Prevention of bloodborne pathogens.
Exposure control.
Asepsis.
Perform quality control related to Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-waived procedures.
Quality Control: Procedures designed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of laboratory test results.
Phlebotomy standards:
CLSI.
CLIA.
CDC standards as they relate to specimen collection and transportation:
Prevention of bloodborne pathogens.
Exposure control.
Asepsis.
Explain nonblood specimen collection procedures to patient (e.g., stool, urine, semen, sputum).
Nonblood specimen collection techniques.
Handle and transport patient-collected nonblood specimens.
Chain of infection.
Patient identification guidelines for phlebotomy.
CDC standards as they relate to specimen collection and transportation:
Prevention of bloodborne pathogens.
Exposure control.
Asepsis.
Information required on requisition forms:
Testing requirements.
Patient information.
Avoid preanalytical errors when collecting blood specimens (e.g., quantity not sufficient [QNS], hemolysis).
Preanalytical Errors: Mistakes that occur before a sample is analyzed in the lab.
Vascular system as it relates to phlebotomy.
Phlebotomy standards:
CLSI.
CLIA.
Preanalytical errors when collecting blood specimens:
QNS.
Quantity Not Sufficient: Not enough sample was collected for testing.
Hemolysis.
Hemolysis: The rupture or destruction of red blood cells.
Adhere to chain of custody guidelines when required (e.g., forensic studies, blood alcohol, drug screen).
Chain of Custody: The documented and unbroken transfer of evidence.
Phlebotomy standards:
CLSI.
CLIA.
Order of draw for capillary and venipuncture collections.
Patient identification guidelines for phlebotomy.
Chain of custody guidelines.
Domain 5: EKG
Prepare the patient (e.g., patient history, patient positioning, skin preparation, lead placement).
Electrocardiogram (EKG): A test that records the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body
Basic functions of an EKG machine.
Placement of 3-lead, 5-lead, and 12-lead electrodes.
Electrodes: Conductive pads attached to the skin to detect electrical signals.
Patients who have special considerations:
Pediatric patients.
Pediatric Patients: Infants, children, and adolescents.
Mastectomy.
Right-sided heart.
Right-Sided Heart: A heart positioned more to the right side of the chest.