Sociology Midterm

colere, latin

what is the word culture derived from(word and language)

cultivate

what does colere mean

behavior

culture is defined as___

relative

culture tends to be___

an ideal(something that is opposed to the real world)

how was culture defined in the 1800s by matthew arnold as___

the sum of beliefs, behaviors, and practices that humans create to the environment around them

sociologists today define culture as___

industrialization

what thing made changes to european culture so dramatically in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries because expensive, handcrafted goods were now mass-produced and new social classes emerged

nonmaterial culture

the category of culture that includes values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors

material culture

everything in our constructed environment, including tech, buildings, furniture, clothing, and books are all part of our ___

money

an example of material culture

values

an example of nonmaterial culture

acronyms and emoticons (lol, :/ )

two things that demonstrate that technology can generate ideas and concepts

study of culture

what tells us that there are many ways to view the same symbol

ideology

the element of nonmaterial culture which is a system of concepts and relationships used to understand cause and effect

cause and effect, made of concepts and relationships

what is ideology used for and what is it made up of

discovery that the earth revolves around the sun rather than standing at the center of the universe

an example of shifting ideology

yes

are ideologies questioned when certain aspects of the ideology are challenged?

margaret mead

who wrote coming of age in samoa

mead

who found out that women in samoa engaged in casual sex before they were married and challenged americas cultural scripts

low culture

what is another term for pop culture(such as hiphop)

subcultures

smaller subgroups within a larger dominant society, united by sets of concepts values, symbols, and shared meanings specific to that group

no

are subcultures easy to define?

subcultures

various musical genres and those inspired by them are examples of_

goth

what culture is an example of one that tends to exist cross culturally

yes

within a subculture, can meaning of words and behaviors of people be different from person to person?

yes

do names tend to cross from “male” to “female” names over time?

stanley lieberson

who was a sociology professor at harvard that sudied culture using first names, finding names reflect the cultural trends of specific times

norms

if values are abstract cultural beliefs, then __ are how they are put into play

class mobility, equal opportunity

what are two things rooted in the “american dream”

norms

__ are to behaviors, as values are to attitudes

socialization

the experience of internalizing a culture’s norms, values, and the like, is known as?

reflection theory

what theory would a rapper claiming their music is a reflection of their experiences be invoking?

marx

who asserted that culture is a reflection of the means of production of a particular time

reflection theory

what theory is limited because it fails to take into account why some cultural products have staying power and others fall?

cultural relativism

when one recognizes that people in different cultures do things differently and learn not to make value judgements, it is known as

cultural scripts(such as gendered behaviors)

learned behaviors that are not natural or universal are known as

ethnocentric(example given is about alaska)

if a person judges another group by their own standards, they are being __

yes

is it true that until europeans came into contact with non westerners, they tended to see their culture as the only way to live?

ethnocentric (example is about bali)

preventing a cultural practice in america that is a practice in another country could be considered__

book

the first form of mass media

92

what percent of us households had a TV

hegemony

the historical process in which a dominant group exercises moral and intellectual leadership by voluntarily receiving the approval and consent of the masses known

antonio gramsci (example given is about obeying school authority)

who coined the term hegemony

yes

does an article on how to distiguish chinese and japanese reflect the state of many americans?

domination

gramasci would see a group of protesters refusing to leave even after police begin using tear gas as the officers practicing __

textural analysis

what work of gramasci’s was reflected in questions such as why fairy tales begin with a mother’s death

television

what played a large role in fueling the civil rights and antiwar movements

herbert gans, corporate boards

who said that __ determine the content of news stories

long term media campaigns(such as smokey bear)

what are ads used by nonprofit organizations to educate the public, also known as public service announcements

short term deliberate effect (example mcdonalds)

common day to day short term advertisements are known as

how the media reflects racism

the oj simpson and hurricane katrina are examples of

consumerism

the belief that happiness can be achieved through aquisition of material