Chapter 3 Organic Compounds Exhibition Lab

What is glucose classified as?

A monosaccharide.

What type of molecule is glycogen?

A polysaccharide found in animals.

What is maltose?

A disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules.

What color does Biuret reagent turn in the presence of proteins?

It starts blue and turns purple.

What indicates the presence of monosaccharides?

Benedict's reagent, which turns orange/red.

What does iodine test for?

The presence of polysaccharides, turning blue/black in the presence of starch.

How do lipids appear on paper?

They will be transparent when placed on a paper towel and allowed to dry.

What are the primary functions of proteins?

Motion and support, cell transport, defense (antibodies), and enzymes.

What are amino acids?

The monomers of proteins, with 20 different types that can form thousands of proteins.

What is a polymer of amino acids called?

A peptide or polypeptide.

What are the four levels of protein structure?

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.

What is the primary structure of a protein?

The sequence of amino acids that make up the protein.

What characterizes the secondary structure of a protein?

The folding and bending of the protein due to hydrogen bonding.

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

The overall 3D shape of the protein.

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

The arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains into a single functional unit.

What are the two types of fatty acids?

Saturated and unsaturated.

What is cellulose?

A polysaccharide found in plant cell walls that maintains cell shape and structure.

What is chitin?

A polysaccharide found in fungal cell walls and the exoskeletons of insects/arthropods.

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Saturated fats have no double bonds and are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats contain double bonds and are liquid at room temperature.

What are the main components of organic compounds?

Carbon and hydrogen, along with other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur (SPONCH).

What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates?

2:1.

What are the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates?

Monomers are monosaccharides; polymers are polysaccharides.

What is the significance of the term 'carbohydrate'?

It comes from the words 'carbon' and 'hydrogen'.