Memory studies

Memory is __________.

Malleable.

In the Loftus & Palmer (1974) study, how did the wording of the question about a car accident affect participants' memories regarding speed?

The wording influenced the memory.

The Scooter Libby Effect highlights the concept of __________ to remember (MTR).

Motivation

What did Kassam et al. (2009) find regarding MTR before and after information is encountered?

MTR is more effective when it arises before encoding.

The __________ Model of Memory by Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) consists of sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory.

Modal

In the Classic Test of Sensory Memory, participants remembered __________ letters after viewing a grid for 50 milliseconds.

3-4

What does Baddeley's Model of Working Memory include as its components?

Phonological loop, visuospatial sketch pad, episodic buffer, and central executive.

What is the capacity limit for visual working memory according to Luck & Vogel (1997)?

About 3-4 objects.

What is location-dependent memory, according to Godden & Baddeley (1975)?

Better recall when learning and retrieval occur in the same location.

What is an effect of spacing on memory retention found in the study by Bahrick et al. (1993)?

Best retention comes with spaced learning.

What is proactive interference in memory?

Proactive interference occurs when old information interferes with the retrieval of new information.

What is retroactive interference in memory?

Retroactive interference happens when new information interferes with the retrieval of old information.

What are episodic memories?

Episodic memories are specific events or experiences from an individual's life.

What is the significance of the serial position effect?

The serial position effect explains how people tend to remember the first and

What is the role of attention in memory formation?

Attention helps in encoding information into memory by focusing cognitive resources.

What is retroactive interference?

Retroactive interference occurs when new information makes it harder to retrieve older memories.

How does context influence memory recall?

Context can trigger memory retrieval by providing cues related to the conditions present during encoding.

What is the testing effect in memory?

The testing effect refers to improved memory retention due to the act of retrieving information during testing.

What is the difference between explicit and implicit memory?

Explicit memory involves conscious recollection of information, while implicit memory is unconscious and influences behavior.

What is the role of the hippocampus in memory?

The hippocampus is crucial for the formation of new declarative memories.

What is the decay theory of forgetting?

The decay theory suggests that memories

What is the role of the amygdala in memory?

The amygdala is involved in emotional memory formation and processing.

What is the method of loci in memory?

The method of loci is a mnemonic device that uses visualization of familiar spatial environments to enhance memory.

What effect does chunking have on memory?

Chunking helps improve memory capacity by grouping items into larger, manageable units.

What is the difference between recall and recognition in memory retrieval?

Recall involves retrieving information without cues, while recognition requires identifying information with cues.

What is state-dependent memory?

State-dependent memory suggests that people are more likely to recall information in the same state they learned it.

What is the spacing effect?

The spacing effect describes how spaced out study sessions lead to better long-term retention than crammed sessions.

What is the difference between flashbulb memories and regular memories?

Flashbulb memories are vivid, detailed memories of significant events, whereas regular memories may lack clarity and detail.

What is the role of encoding in memory?

Encoding is the process of converting information into a form that can be stored in the brain.

What are prospective memories?

Prospective memories are intended actions or tasks that one plans to remember to perform in the future.

What is the role of priming in memory retrieval?

Priming involves exposure to a stimulus influencing the response to a subsequent stimulus.

What is the serial position effect?

The serial position effect indicates that people remember the first and last items in a list better than the middle items.

What is an anterograde amnesia?

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories after a traumatic event.

What is the role of the cerebellum in memory?

The cerebellum plays a key role in motor control and is involved in procedural memory.

What are flashbulb memories?

Flashbulb memories are vivid and detailed recollections of significant events.

What is the role of rehearsal in long-term memory storage?

Rehearsal aids in the transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory.

What does the term 'encoding specificity' refer to?

Encoding specificity refers to how retrieval is improved when cues match the conditions of encoding.

What is interference theory in memory?

Interference theory suggests that forgetting occurs due to competition from other memories.