Apush unit 7

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Allowed the president to negotiate treaties for land with tribes; initially unsuccessful as most Indians refused to sell.

Trail of Tears

Forced removal of Cherokees in 1838 under Van Buren's presidency, after one Cherokee 'sold' the land.

The American System

Henry Clay’s plan including high protective tariffs, a 2nd national bank, and federal funding for infrastructure.

Nullification

The right of states to refuse federal laws they deem unconstitutional.

Panic of 1837

A major economic crisis caused by rampant land speculation and Jackson's financial policies.

Force Bill

Allowed Jackson to use military force to collect federal tariffs in South Carolina.

Specie Circular

Jackson’s order requiring payment for public lands in gold or silver, contributing to the Panic of 1837.

Monroe Doctrine

A policy proclaiming no European colonization in the Americas, backed by the British navy.

Pet Banks

State banks that received government deposits after Jackson dismantled the 2nd Bank of the United States.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival that led to new denominations and movements for social reforms.

American Temperance Society

An organization that urged people to stop drinking alcohol.

Cult of Domesticity

An ideology that promoted women's roles as homemakers and caregivers.

Corrupt Bargain

The alleged agreement between Clay and Adams that denied Jackson the presidency despite his popular vote.

Market Revolution

The period of significant economic changes resulting from advances in transportation and communication.

Tariff of Abominations

Nickname for the Tariff of 1828 that angered the South due to its detrimental effects.

Universal Male Suffrage

Voting rights granted to all male citizens regardless of property ownership.

Transcendentalism

Philosophy emphasizing individualism and nature, associated with thinkers like Emerson and Thoreau.

Charles Grandison Finney

A key minister in the Second Great Awakening advocating for education equality and abolitionism.

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

Supreme Court case where the Cherokee challenged their removal; they were deemed not a nation with legal rights.

Worcester v. Georgia

Supreme Court ruling stating Georgia laws could not extend into Cherokee territory, which Jackson ignored.

Stephen F. Austin

Famous empresario who led American settlement in Texas and became its president after independence.

Santa Anna

Dictator of Mexico captured after the Battle of San Jacinto, forced to recognize Texan independence.

Department of Education

Led by figures like Horace Mann, promoting public schooling and improved education systems.

Whig Party

Political party formed in opposition to Jacksonian policies after the Panic of 1837.

Old Hickory

Nickname given to Andrew Jackson for his toughness and leadership in the War of 1812.

Common Man

Refers to the average American citizen whom Jacksonian democracy aimed to represent.