CH. 10; History

Henry Ford

This person built the Model T and delveloped the assemply line

Model T

a car created by henry ford that was sold at a low price for average americans to buy

Assembly Line

created by henry ford to speed up production and lowering the price of the Model T from $850 to $300

Orville and Wilbur Wright

These men led a sucessful powered flight at Kitty Hawk, N.C.

The sinking of The Titanic

This tragic event in 1912 illustrated the futility of the Progressive notion that men could achieve unlimited progress without God

Theodore Roosevelt

26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War

What brought the end of the progressive era?

World War 1

Daniel DeLeon

advocates for radical soultion: revolution; co-founder of IWW

International Workers of the World (IWW or Wobblies)

Rejected by Americans after World War 1

Booker T. Washington

Most influencial black leader in U.S. by 1900; believed eqaulity could be gained through education and aqquiring skills; believed that Civil Rights would come gradually as blacks earn respect; blakcs could then be valuable contributing members of their community

W.E.B. DuBois

Most influential NEW black leader in U.S. AFTER 1900; demanaded full civil rights and end of discrimination immediately; helped form NAACP in 1909; he became disillusioned and renounced the U.S.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

This case argued for acceptance of discrimination against blacks; they would be seperate but eqaul, occurred in 1896

Social Gospel

led to the National Council of Churches which was created to promote unity/deepen the relationships of member churches; also led to salvation army

Edward Bellamy

author of Looking Backward, 2000-1887

Looking Backward, 2000-1887

this book was a book of social criticism that showed what a world would look like in whcih the governemnt owned everything and they existed in a perfect utopia

Robert La Follette

This man was an American lawyer and politician. He represented Wisconsin in both chambers of Congress and served as the governor of Wisconsin from 1901 to 1906; known as “Fighting Bob”

John Mitchell

Famous United States labor leader, and was president of the United Mine Workers from 1898 to 1908. Helped incorporate ethnic workers into the UMW and got an 8 hour day and minimum wage for miners.

United Mine Workers

A 1902 coal worker's strike called for an eight-hour work day and higher wages. Theodore Roosevelt stepped in and threatened the use of troops to settle the strike. It was the first time the government stepped in a labor dispute, but the result was improved conditions for the mine workers.

John Dewey

Known as the father of progressive education, shaped public schools

Oliver Wendall Holmes Jr.

“law is not a set of absolute principles”

Pragmitism

go with what works to make progress; no absolute truth

Muckrakers

seek to expose disturbing condtitions in society\\

Ida Tarbell

exposes corrupt business practices of Standard Oil Co.

Lincoln Steffens

exposes graft and corruption in U.S. city politics

Upton Sinclair

exposes filthy conditions in meat packing, author of “The Jungle”

Pure food and drug act

ended the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs; Government can inspect meat sold in interstate commerce; Government can enforce cleaner conditions in meatpacking plants; 1906

Boxer Rebellion

A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country

Battle at Peking

American/Christian influenece in China wiped out by Chinese people; many killed; battle lasted 55 days

Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Policy”

In international affairs, ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use force; Great White Fleet went around the world but stopped at Japan to show off U.S. Navy

Portsmouth Treaty

Roosevelt and representatives from Russia and Japan work out treaty; Japan takes over Korea; Roosevelt wins Nobel Peace Prize; 1905

Panama Canal

Theodore Roosevelt and The United States built the ______ to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400k to build. Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, but the United States caused a Revolution in Panama. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal.

William Howard Taft

27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term.

Progressive (Bull Moose) Party

This political party was formed by T. Roosevelt in an attempt to advance progressive ideas and unseat President W.H. Taft in the election of 1912. After Taft won the Republican party's nomination, Roosevelt ran on the Progressive party ticket.

New Nationalism

Roosevelt's domestic platform during the 1912 election accepting the power of trusts and proposing a more powerful government to regulate them

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), won Nobel Peace Prize; New Freedom

New Freedom

Objects to all monopiolies as enemies of free competition

1912 Election

Taft runs for a second term; Roosevelt comes back; they split the votes of the Republican party in two and so the democrat, Woodrow Wilsons, wins the election

Underwood Act

1913; substantially reduced import fees and enacted a graduated income tax under the aprroval of the 16th Amendment

Gen. John Pershing

American military leader that was sent to capture Pancho Villa; did not succeed and troops had to withdraw

17th ammendment

Passed by Congress in 1912 gave people a chance to vote for their senators directly instead of through state legislatures

19th ammendment

Gave women the right to vote

Initiative

A process by which voters in a state (usually 5-8%) can propose legeslation to be voted on without waiting for legislature to propse the law

Referendum

A process by which a proposed law is referred to the voters for approval if the state \n legislature has not acted.

Recall

A process by which an official may be removed from office by the people’s vote before his term \n expires. A petition by 25% of the voters can require the special election.

Direct Primary

A primary where voters directly select the candidates who will run for office

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

Called for the national prohibition of alcohol. Led by Frances E. Willard and Carrie A. Nation

16th ammendment

Gave the right to tax people's income; more you make, the more you're taxed.

Graduated income tax

tax on earnings that charges different rates for different income levels

Federal Reserve Act

a 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply

Federal Reserve Notes

Paper money issued by the Federal Reserve Banks

Huerta

This man headed up Mexico’s new rgime after Porfirio Diaz; after Wilson betrayed their nutrality agreement, he lost support and fled to Europe in 1914

Carranza

This man took charge of mexico after Huerta had to flee; he was Heurta’s enemy and was sucessful in defeating him.

Pancho Villa

He killed 18 americans in Northern Mexico. Then, with a gang of bandits, he invaded New Mexico and killed 16 americans in columbus. He was never captured and Wilson had to command U.S. forces to withdraw.

Galveston, Texas

Adopted the City Manager Plan

City Manager Plan

Elected officials hired an outside expert who was usually a highly trained businessman or engineer to take charge of the government. People believed that this would result in decrease of corruption in politics.

Immigrants in America

old immigrants from northern and western Europe came seeking better life; new immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe searching for opportunity to escape worse living conditions back home and often did not stay in the US; they were resented because they would work harder and longer for less money; this threatened labor unnions and american jobs

John Spargo, The Bitter Cry of Children

Journalist and novelist, he wrote _____ to expose the unfair treatment of children used as child labor; he became a leader of the conservative wing of the American Socialist Party. Stressed better education, better schools, and teachers.