Massage skill check review

benefits of soft tissue mobilization

- movement maintains balance b/t collagen synthesis and degradation

- movement activates alignment of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in direction of stress

- facilitates GAG production → maintains inter-fiber distance and lubrication

- restore gliding b/t layers of tissues

- neurophysiological benefit due to rich proprioceptive content of fascia

mechanical effects of STM: movement of...

- venous and lymphatic flow (mechanical fluid pump) → edema reduction

- hematoma (help body absorb bruise)

- lung secretions

- intestinal contents

mechanical effects of STM: mobilization of...

- muscle fibers

- tendons/tendons in sheath

- skin and subQ tissue

- scar tissue

- adhesions (break/stretch)

- stretches CT (tensile load)

what are mechanical techniques?

techniques that...

1. stretch a muscle

2. elongate fascia

3. mobilize soft tissue adhesions/restrictions

what are mechanical effects ALWAYS accompanied by?

some reflex effects; as mechanical stimulus becomes more effective, reflex becomes less effects (inversely related)

mechanical effects of massage on skin

- ↑ skin temp → ↑ sweating → ↓ resistance to electrical current

- pressure toughens and softens skin

- remove dead skin cells

- stretches and breaks down fibrous tissues

physiologic effects of massage on skin

- ↑ skin temp

- ↑ skin and muscle BF

- ↑ flow of nutrients and removal of wastes

- stimulation/inhibition of healing process (depending on when performed)

- ↑ PSNS activity

- ↑ relaxation hormones

- ↓ stress hormones

what do the physiological effects of massage depend on?

amount of pressure and speed of stroke

effect of light, slow stroking

evokes systemic relaxation

effect of fast, deep stroking

↑ BF to area

neurologic effects of massage

decreases...

- NM excitability

- pain via removal of edema/wastes, sensory stimulation

- muscle spasm or tension

psychological effects of massage

- increase relaxation

- decrease anxiety

- release endorphins in brain

psychological effects of one-on-one massage treatment

- gain confidence in clinician

- ↑ pt compliance

negative effects of stress

- stress-pain-stress cycle

- suppression of immune system

- ↑ SNS drive

how does massage combat the negative effects of stress?

- promotes relaxation

- ↑ PSNS drive

- ↓ pain

contraindications for massage

- malignancy

- inflammatory skin conditions

- acute fx

- hemorrhage sites

- obstructive edema/heart failure

- clotting/bleeding disorders

- acute rheumatic conditions

- localized infection

- suspected thrombophlebitis/DVT

- varicose veins (severe)

- abdomen (pregnancy)

- 24 hrs post scuba diving

precautions for massage

- intoxication/drug use

- psychosis (severe)

- ↓ sensation

- hypermobility

- osteoporosis

- degenerative changes

- skin disorders

- sensitive superficial tissues (eyes, lymph nodes, superficial nerves)

possible adverse effects of massage

- post massage soreness and malaise

- ecchymosis

- nerve damage

- rhabdomyolysis

- cervical (headache/vertigo)

effleurage

- superficial, rhythmical stroking of skin

- perform with...

- fingertips: stimulate sensory nerves

- palm: stimulate deep tissues

benefits of effleurage

beginning: relaxes pt and indicates area to be treated

end: calms down any irritated areas

petrissage

- lifting and kneading of skin, subQ, and muscles

- fingers/hands moving in opposite directions

benefits of petrissage

- free adhesions by stretching and separating muscle fiber, fascia, and scar tissue

- assisting with venous return and removing waste products

benefits of deep friction massage

- mobilize muscle and separate adhesions that restrict movement and cause pain

- facilitates local blood perfusion

- circular or perpendicular: effective in treating muscle spasm and trigger points

benefits of transverse/cross friction massage

effective on tendonitis or other joint adhesions

benefits of skin rolling massage

↓ superficial myofascial adhesions by mobilizing skin from subQ

benefits of tapotement massage

- respiratory: pulmonary hygiene

- sports: stimulates BF

- promotes relaxation and desensitization of irritated nerve endings

benefits of vibration massage

- soothes peripheral nerves

- stimulate muscle via "stretch reflex" → ↑ tone

benefits of myofascial release massage (pull arm/leg)

- tries to obtain relaxation and elongation of tense and/or adhered tissues (ease tension of fibrous CT bands)

- relieve ST from abnormal grip of tight fascia

what is myofascial release treatment based on?

localizing and moving into direction of restriction

benefit of picking up muscle

separates tissue layers

benefits of bone clearing

mobilization of interface b/t bone and surrounding ST/fascia

→ ↑ mobility