Fallacies of presumption | Quizlet

Presumption Fallacy

Argument that depends on some assumption that is typically unstated and supported

Begging the question

Often called circular reasoning, occurs when the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim.

Complex question

Multiple questions are concealed in a single question

False dichotomy

premise presents two unlikely alternatives as if they were the only one available, the arguer eliminates the undesirable alternative, leaving the desirable one as the conclusion

Surpressed evidence

arguer ignores important evidence that requires a different conclusion

Fallacy of Ambiguity

A fallacy that arises from ambiguous language, leading to misinterpretation of the argument's meaning.It often involves vague terms or phrases that can be understood in multiple ways, resulting in confusion.

Fallacy of equivocation

when one's argument mistakenly uses the same word in two different senses.

Fallacy of Amphiboly

a fallacy that arises from ambiguous grammatical structure in a statement, leading to multiple interpretations. It occurs when the structure of a sentence allows for different meanings, which can mislead the argument.

Fallacies of Illicit Transferance

a type of fallacy that occurs when an argument improperly transfers attributes or properties from one thing to another, usually involving a misunderstanding of the relationship between the subjects.

Composition fallacy

argues that the parts are the same as the whole

division fallacy

argument in which a speaker assumes that what is true of the whole is also true of the parts that make up the whole