Sensory Processing Disorder

What is sensory processing

Adaptation: able to take in info, process, and create response

What is vestibular

Primarily inner ear

Detects both linear and angular movements of head

Helps us with head position

Contributes to arousal, balance, and postural control

What happens with dysfunction of vestibular?

Need for increased movement or

Fear of movement

Gravitational insecurity

What is proprioception

Perception of body in space as well as direction of movement

How is proprioception detected?

Mechanoreceptors in joints, muscles, tendons

What is interoception

Awareness of body's physiological state

HR, respiration, satiety

Interoception is linked to ________________ and ___________________ regulation

Emotional and attentional

What happens with sensory input in sensory processing disorder

Sensory input from body or environment is either poorly detected, modulated or interpreted

Results of sensory processing disorder

1. Atypical responses to sensory messages

2. motor coordination difficulties

3. Difficulty with attention and organization

4. Inappropriate behavioral/emotional responses

Who pioneered sensory integration theory in the 1960s?

Jane Ayres

Adaptive response

An organism responding to the environment appropriately (purposefully and with mastery)

Sensory Integrative dysfunction- Ayer's reserach revealed..

children with behavioral problems and learning disabilities could be linked to sensory processing difficulties

What causes SPD

No definitive cause

Hereditary

Prenata/perinatal conditions

Environmental factors

Maternal stress hormones

Prenatal exposure to alcohol

SPD often correlates with

Low birth weight

Prematurity

Maternal illness, use of medications, and alcohol/drug use

Single parent

Low socioeconomic status

What is SPD often Co morbid with?

ASD

ADHD

Anxiety

What is incidence of SPD

1 in 20 people show signs and symptoms

5-15.5% of school aged children are showing signs

What are the 3 types of sensory processing disorders

Sensory modulation disorder

Sensory discrimination disorder

Sensory based motor disorder

What are the 3 types of sensory modulation disorders

Sensory over-responsive

Sensory under-responsive

Sensory craving

Two types of sensory based motor disorders

Dyspraxia (can't plan motor movements)

Postural disorders

Define Sensory modulation disorder

Individual has trouble regulating responses to sensory input resulting in strong negative responses and/or withdrawal from the stimulus

Examples of Over responsive SMD

Sensitive to texture

Insecure about falling/balance

Battles with coordination and avoids playing with others

Covers eyes-can't handle lights or loud noises

When eating food an Over-responsive SMD might do what?

Gag in disgust

Examples of Under responsive SMD

Doesn't notice if something is wet, face is dirty

Drop things and prone to falling

Don't notice obstacles in path

Eat spicy or hot food without noticing difference

Someone who has under responsive SMD might only respond to play that involves these 3 things

Pulling

Lifting

Pushing

Examples of Sensory seeker SMD

Chews things like shirt

Rubs against furniture

Rolls in grass

Constantly on the move, fidgety

Loves being upside down and little daredevil

Loves vigorous play and being squeezed

Licks inedible objects

True or False: A sensory seeker SMD will loves shiny, spinning, bright objects, loud crowds

True

What is sensory discrimination disorder

Individuals has trouble interpreting differences or similarities in stimuli

Example of SDD proprioception

Slamming doors

Pushing too hard

Example of SDD Tactile

Can't find items without vision

SDD examples taste

Can't distinguish between flavors

Dyspraxia

Difficulty with motor planning (unfamiliar or new tasks)

Postural disorders

Difficulty w/ normal postural tone and smooth control of movement

Poor balance reactions

Poor weight shifting

Poor oculomotor coordination

Diagnosis of SPD

DSM-5 does not include it as diagnosis

NOT a billable diagnosis

Recognized under other diagnoses such as ASD

Course and prognosis

No definitive treatment or outcomes

Based on home life, nutrition, eduction, genetics, personal experiences

Management of Symptoms

Little to no research validating effectiveness of medication treatment for SPD, even with comorbid conditions

Referral to OT for Sensory integration