Geography EA Revision QCAA

Demography

The scientific study of population characteristics.

Population

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

Natural change

the difference between birth rate and death rate, expressed as a percentage

Natural decrease

When the number of births is lower than the number of deaths

natural increase

the growth rate of a population; the difference between birthrate and death rate

population growth

increase in the number of people who inhabit a territory or state

population growth rate

explains how fast a given population grows

birth rate (crude birth rate)

the number of live births per 1,000 members of the population in a year.

death rate (crude death rate)

is equal to the number of deaths per 1,000 members of the population in a year.

infant mortality rate

The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

population density

Number of individuals per unit area

Annual population growth rate

The rate at which a population is increasing owing to natural increase and migration - birth rate minus death rate plus or minus migration

Ageing population

a population with a rising average age

dependent population

those people that rely on others for support for the goods and services they consume, usually the very young and very old

dependency ratio

The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force

Human Development Index (HDI)

Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy

maternal mortality

death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth or within six weeks of delivery

Migration

Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location.

net migration

The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration.

Forced Migration

Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate.

pull factors

Factors that induce people to move to a new location.

push factors

Factors that induce people to leave old residences.

population flow

the total aggregate count of people who entered a country

Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border

asylum seeker

Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee

refugee

A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster

Emigrant/emigration

A person who leaves a country or region to live elsewhere.

Immigrant/Immigration

people who travel over borders of different countries

slum

a district of a city marked by poverty and inferior living conditions

Shanty Settlements

areas of homemade housing with scavenged materials

Ghettos

Sections of towns and cities in which Jews were forced to live.

migrant worker

a person who moves from place to place to find work

Urbanisation

Increase in the proportion of the countries population living in towns and cities

Demographic Transition Model

A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time.

Population Density Formula

total population ÷ total land area

Curde birth rate formula

Births per 1000 = (births per year ÷ total population) x 1000

Crude death rate formula

Deaths per 1000 = (deaths per year ÷ total population) x 1000

Rate of natural increase as a percentage formula

(CBR - CDR) x (100 ÷ 1000)

Net migration formula

Immigration number - emigration number

Total population growth formula

Population + (births - deaths) + (immigration - emigration)

Location Quotient (LQ) formula