Geography - 1.India - Location,Relief and Drainage

Strategic Location of India,Major Physiographic divisions of India,Drainage system of India

Neighbouring countries of India

Sri Lanka, Pakistan,Afghanistan,China,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh and Myanmar

North-south extent of India

3,214 km

Define -IST

• Central meridian of India

• 82°30'E Longitude

• Mirzapur,two halves

• 5.30 hours ahead of GMT

Distinguish between western ghats and eastern ghats

Western ghats:

1. Western ghats forms the Western edge of the peninsular plateau.

2. It runs parallel to the Arabian sea coast.

3. They are continuous range.

4. Anaimudi is the highest peak.

Eastern ghats:

1. Eastern ghats form the Eastern edge of the peninsular plateau.

2. It runs parallel to the Bay of Bengal coast.

3. They are not continuous dissected by east flowing rivers.

4. Mahendragiri is the highest peak.

Where is the pulicat lake?

It lies in the border of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh

Highest peak in south india?

Anaimudi

Distinguish between Western coastal plains and Eastern coastal plains

Western Coastal plains:

1. Lies between Western ghats and Arabian Sea.

2. It extends from Rann of Kutch in the North to Kanyakumari in the South.

3. It is known as Konkan plains in the North,Kanara in the middle and Malabar in the South.

Eastern Coastal plains:

1. Lies between Eastern ghats and the Bay of Bengal.

2. It stretches along the states of West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

3. Northern part called as Northern circars and Southern part is called Coromandal coast.

Where does the coromandel coast lie?

Southern part of east coastal plains which lies between Krishna and Kaveri rivers

Short note on Lakshadweep islands

• Coral islands - west coast

• Area - 32 sq.km

• Kavaratti - capital

• Separated from Maldives island - Eight Degree Channel

• Pitt Island - bird sanctuary

India's Latitude and Longitude

• Latitude: 8°4'N to 37°6'N

• Longitude: 68°7'E to 97°25'E

East-west extent of India

2,933 km

• Northern Point

• Southern Point

• Eastern Point

• Western Point

- Of India

• Indira Col

• Cape Comorin (Kanya kumari)

• Arunachal Pradesh

• Rann of kutch(Gujarat)

Area of India

32,87,263 sq.km

______ passes through the middle of India

Tropic of Cancer

India is in which hemisphere(s)?

North and Eastern Hemisphere

Physiographic divisions of India

1. The Northern Mountains

2. The Nothern Plains

3. The Peninsular Plateau

4. The Coastal Plains

5. The Islands

Divisions of Northern Mountains

• The Trans-Himalayas

• The Himalayas

• Purvanchal Hills(Eastern Himalayas)

Divisions of The Himalayas

• The Greater Himalayas(Himadri)

• The Lesser Himalayas(Himachal)

• The Outer Himalayas(Siwaliks)

_______ is known as the ‘Roof of the world’

Pamir Knot

Oldest fold mountain ranges in the world

Aravalli Ranges

Which has the maximum number of highest peaks in the world?

The Himalayas(9/14)

Prominent ranges of Trans-Himalayas

Zaskar,Ladakh,Kailash and Karakoram

Importance of Himalayas

1. Blocks southwest monsoon winds,causes heavy rainfall in North India

2. Natural barrier for sub-continent

3. Source of perennial rivers(ganges,indus,brahmaputra)

4. Tourists-natural beauty

5. Hill stations and pilgrim centres(Badrinath,jain and buddhist centres,etc…)

6. Raw material for forest-based industries

7. Prevents cold winds from central Asia,protects India from severe cold

8. Rich biodiversity

On the basis of deposition of sediments,divisions of Northern Plains?

1. Rajasthan plains

2. Punjab-Haryana plains

3. Ganga plains

4. Brahmaputra plains

What is meant by Khadar plains?

New plains - along river tracts - known as ‘khadar plains’ or ‘bet lands’

Biggest delta?

Sundarban delta

[ World’s 7th largest desert] Thar desert is also known as?

Great Indian Desert

Largest plains of India?

Ganga plains

Largest tributary of Ganga?

Yamuna

Formed by older alluviums?

Bhangar Plains

In the delta regions,

• Uplands -

• Marshy areas -

• Chars

• Bils

Eastern ghats are also known as ________

Poorvadri

Short note on Deccan plateau?

• Largest part of plateau

• Roughly triangular

• Area - 7 lakh sq.km

• Height - 500 to 1000 m above sea level

_______ is a famous backwater lake found in western coastal plains

Vembanad

Number of islands -

• Andaman and Nicobar Islands

• Lakshadweep Islands

• 572

• 27

Which separates Andaman and Nicobar?

The Ten Degree Channel

Where is India’s only active volcano located at?

Barren Islands,Andaman and Nicobar group of Islands

Types of peninsular rivers

1. West flowing rives

2. East flowing rivers

Types of islands in India

• Andaman and Nicobar islands

• Lakshadweep islands

Largest drainage system of India?

Ganga river system