Psychology Exam Study Guide

This set of flashcards includes key vocabulary terms and definitions related to psychology concepts as covered in the lecture notes.

Operant Conditioning

A learning principle where behavior is modified through reinforcement or punishment.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired.

Observational Learning

A learning process where behaviors are acquired by observing others.

Cognitive Learning

A type of learning that involves mental processes and may occur without direct experience.

Discrimination

The ability to distinguish between different stimuli.

Extinction

The reduction of a conditioned response after a stimulus is removed.

Conditioned Response (CR)

An automatic response established by training to an ordinary neutral stimulus.

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response.

Shaping

A method of training by which successive approximations of a desired behavior are reinforced.

Positive Reinforcement

Adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

Removing an aversive stimulus to increase a behavior.

Anterograde Amnesia

The inability to form new memories after a traumatic event.

Episodic Memory

A type of explicit memory that involves the recollection of specific events.

Implicit Memory

A type of long-term memory that doesn't require conscious thought.

Ghrelin

A hormone that stimulates appetite, produced by the stomach.

Leptin

A hormone released from fat cells that helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger.