Jesuits

What were the spiritual exercises?

A training manual for spiritual development within the Catholic Church

When did Loyola travel to Jerusalem and why?

1523. To try and convert Muslims to Christianity.

What book did Loyola and his followers publish which describes their program of meditation and self-examination?

The Spiritual Exercises

What group of people desired to undergo the experience of 'The Spiritual Exercises'?

The rich and famous , including Princes and Kings who therefore became Jesuit sympathisers

When were the Jesuits received by the Pope?

June 1537

What counties and how many of that country were represented in the Jesuits?

5 Spanish, 2 French, 2 Savoyard, 1 Portugese

How many members of the Jesuits were there in 1556?

1,000

How many Jesuits out of 1,000 in 1556 were fully professed?

43

How many Jesuits were there in 1565?

3,500

How many Jesuits were there in 1626?

15,500

Between what years did Loyola and his close associates formulate the rules within his Society?

1547-1551

What was the document that contained the rules of the Jesuits named?

The Constitutions

Who founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits)?

Loyola

When did Loyola adopt a ascetic life?

1521

How many people were part of the Jesuits in 1534?

7

By what decade were many people in power Jesuit sympathisers?

1550's (very soon after release of Spiritual Exercises)

What did Protestants label the spiritual exercises as?

What we would call 'brainwashing'

How did the Jesuits view the Protestants?

Unprepared to compromise and declared they either join the church or be destroyed

When did the Pope agree to establish the Society of Jesus?

1540

How many members of the Jesuits were there in 1540?

10

In what countries were Jesuit leaders hard to control for Loyola?

Spain and Portugal

What was significant to the structure of the Jesuits?

It was militaristic in style

What was the significant difference between the rule of the Pope and the Jesuit General?

The General was elected for life (until they die)

What year did Loyola die?

1556

When was Loyola canonised and by whom?

1609 by Paul V

Who succeeded Loyola?

Lainez

When did Lainez die?

1565

Why were the Jesuits unlike any other religious order?(2)?

- they preferred to do the service of God rather than come together and pray
- priority was to preach and minister in streets, hospitals ,etc

How could the Jesuit general efficiently dictate Jesuit measures across Europe?

Through letters

How many letters did Loyola write during his time as general?

At least 8,000

Who was the first Jesuit who travelled outside of Europe? Where and When?

Francis Xavier. India in 1540

When did Francis Xavier die?

1552

What was Francis Xavier's conversion rate?

Almost 0%

How many baptisms was Francis Xavier supposedly indirectly responsible for?

30,000

Despite his awful conversion rate, why was Francis Xavier important/influential?

He was seen as a 'model Jesuits', and resulted in people wanting to join the order or go abroad themselves and convert people

Who was a missionary in China and between what period?

Matteo Ricci (1582-1610)

What foreign countries did the Jesuits have great success in?

India, Japan and East Africa (Portuguese areas of influence)

What year did they sponsor the first Asian embassy in Europe?

1584

How did the Jesuits help the native Americans?

Learnt their language and protected them from colonists.

What we two examples of places that were home to the first Jesuit colleges?

Cologne and Palermo

What year was the first Roman Jesuit college built?

1551

What was the Roman Jesuit school called?

'School of Grammar, Humanities and Christian doctrine'

Why was the Roman Jesuit school important?

It was the main training institution for Jesuits

How many Jesuit colleges were there in 1556?

35

How many Jesuit colleges were there in 1579?

144

How many Jesuit colleges were there in 1626?

444 colleges

How many Jesuit colleges were there in 1749?

669

How many Jesuit colleges were there in 1773?

800

Who is an example of a famous alumni from a Jesuit college l?

Emperor Ferdinand II (1578-1637)

What type of boys mainly attended Jesuit colleges?

Sons of the nobility

When were the Jesuits granted Guarani in South America in order to look after natives?

1608