Absolutism and the Scientific Revolution

Absolutism

the political belief that one ruler should hold all the power within the boundaries of a country

Absolute monarch

a monarch with total power

limited monarch

a monarch whose power is limited by a person or a group (ie, Parliament)

Constitutional monarch

a monarch whose power is limited by a governing document (ie, Constitution)

Divine Right

The theory of government that holds that a monarch receives the right to rule directly from God and not from the people

Scientific Revolution

• new understanding of the PHYSICAL world in the 1500-1600s

• introduced ideas of:

  • heliocentrism

  • scientific method

  • health, anatomy, and medicine

    • microscope, antibiotic ointment, artificial limbs

  • chemistry

  • gravity/laws of motion

  • reflection and refraction of light

• was a revolution in thought

heliocentric

the sun is in the center of the universe and the earth rotates around it

geocentric

the earth is in the center of the universe and the sun rotates around it

first monarch to be public executed

Charles I of England

which monarch took a trip to Europe, which was the first for any monarch of their country

Peter the Great of Russia

Which monarch built the palace of Versailles

Louis XIV of France (Sun King)

monarch that fought many religious wars

Philip of Spain

“enlightened” or less absolute monarchs

• Maria Theresa of Austria

• Frederick the Great of Prussia

common traits of absolute monarchs

• not taxing nobles to gain loyalty

• taking over/undermining the power of the Church

• belief in Divine Right

• starting religious wars or wars that expanded territory

• expelling religious groups from the country

• establishing a strong military

what happened between Galileo and the church and why

• he believed in heliocentric models and taught them to his students

• the Church told him to stop teaching this

• but he kept writing books about it so they told him he could talk about it only as a theory, not as a truth

• he wrote a book in 1632 that came to close to a truth so he was tried for heresy and found guilty

• spent the rest of his life under house arrest

• the Church supported geocentrism and Galileo was part of the Church so his punishment was more severe

Copernicus discoveries

heliocentric model

Kepler discoveries

evidence to prove heliocentric model, also elliptical orbit

Newton discoveries

• gravity supports the movement of planets

• all motion can be described mathematically—- Calculus

• reflection and refraction of light

newton quote

if I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants

boyle discoveries

• chemistry guy

• all matter is composed of particles

• individual elements vs. chemical compounds

• effects of temp and pressure on gas

vesalius discoveries

• anatomy guy

• dissected bodies to study anatomy

pare discoveries

• medicine/healthcare guy

• antibiotic ointment and artificial limbs

Harvey discoveries

• blood guy

• described blood circulation

• heart is pump for blood to veins and arteries

Leeuwenhoek discoveries

• microscope guy

• founder of microbiology