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What does the ‘M’ stand for in MAIN?
Military
What does the ‘A’ stand for in MAIN?
Alliances
What does the ‘I’ stand for in MAIN?
Industrialism/Imperialism
What does the ‘N’ stand for in MAIN?
Nationalism
What was the Triple Alliance? (WW1)
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy
What was the Triple Entente? (WW1)
Russia, England, France (REF)
What is Nationalism?
The act of showing deep pride in one’s country.
What was a significant cause of WWI?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
Serbian-Nationalist Gavrilo Princip
Where was Franz Ferdinand assassinated?
Bosnia
Who sided with Austria-Hungary when WWI first started?
Germany
Who sided with Serbia when WWI first started?
Russia, England, France (REF)
Who had the most advanced military technologies and strategies in WWI?
Germany
What did the Triple Alliance change their name to?
Central Powers
What did the Triple Entente change their name to?
Allied Powers
What was the Scheifflen Plan?
A war strategy created by the Germans to avoid a two-front war between France and Russia.
How did the Scheifflen Plan fail?
Due to the underestimation of Belgium and England’s resistance/strength.
What was the Western Front like?
Fought using trenches/Trench Warfare
What was the Eastern Front like?
A war of Mobility (fought standardly); Russia vs. Germany; Russia vs. Austria-Hungary
What was the Gallipoli Campaign meant for?
To open a third-front in the Ottoman Empire (present-day Turkey) at the Gallipoli peninsula.
Who called for the Gallipoli Campaign?
England (Winston Churchill)
Why was the Gallipoli Campaign called?
To keep the Ottoman Empire completely out of the war, and to re-supply and re-arm Russian troops.
How did the Gallipoli Campaign fail?
Due to a failed naval attack from British and French ships; the Turks prepared immediately for battle.
What was the Lusitania?
A British supply ship.
Where was the Lusitania traveling to?
Liverpool, England
Where was the Lusitania coming from?
New York
What happened to the Lusitania?
a German submarine attacked the Lusitania as it was slowing down
How did the event concerning Lusitania affect the United States?
100 Americans were on the Lusitania
Who intercepted the Zimmerman telegram?
British code breakers
What did the Zimmerman telegram say?
If the US joined the war in the Allied powers, von Eckardt would approach Mexico with a war alliance against the US.
When was WWI officially over?
November 11, 1918
What were the Germans forced to sign on November 11, 1918?
An armistice
What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany had to disarm, pay reparations, and give up oversea territories.
What was the League of Nations?
An international organization for world peace after WWI.
Who created the League of Nations?
Woodrow Wilson
What country didn’t join the League of Nations?
The United States
How was Hitler able to rise to power during Germany’s economic depression?
He was a skilled speaker; tapping into people’s emotions at their worst times, and convincing them that he would bring Germany back to greatness.
What countries were under Hitler’s rule by 1940?
Belgium
France
Denmark
Poland
Luxembourg
Netherlands
What was the Battle of Britain?
the successful defense of Great Britain against the air raids from the Germans after the fall of France.
What additional countries fell to Hitler in 1941?
Slavia
Greece
What did Germany do to Russia in 1941?
Germany invaded the Soviet Union.
What was the invasion of the Soviet Union by the Germans called?
Operation Barbarossa
What were the Allied Powers as of WW2?
Great Britain, United States, Soviet Union, China
What were the Axis Powers as of early WW2?
Germany, Italy, Japan (JIG)
What was the alliance between Hitler and Mussolini?
the Rome-Berlin Axis; Italy x Germany
What was the alliance between Hitler and Stalin?
the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact; Russia x Germany
What country did Hitler invade in 1939?
Poland
When did WW2 officially begin?
September 1st, 1939
What was the specific way Poland was invaded?
Blitzkrieg (English for Lightning War)
What were some countries that fell to Hitler’s war machine?
Luxembourg
Austria
France
Czechoslovakia
Greece
What were some ways the US aided Britain without being apart of the War?
Lend lease
Destroyers for bases
What ultimately drew the US into WW2?
Pearl Harbor
When did Pearl Harbor occur?
December 7, 1941
What were some events/situations that defined the rise of the Holocaust?
Nuremberg Race Laws
Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)
The Star of David
What were the Allied Powers as of late WW2?
US, Great Britain, Russia (RGBUS)
What were the Axis Powers as of late WW2?
Germany, Italy, Japan (JIG)
What was the Battle of Stalingrad?
a successful defense battle of the Soviet Union against Germany; key factor in changing the tides of the war.
What were the Allied Air Raids of German Cities?
allied forces teamed up to attack/bomb German cities; key factor in changing tides of the war.
What was the Invasion of Italy?
allied forces invaded Italy via water to take out German forces; key factor in changing tides of war.
What was D-Day?
the allied invasion of Normandy, France
When did WW2 in Europe end?
May 8, 1945
What was ultimately used to end the war in the Pacific against Japan?
atomic bombs
Where was the first atomic bomb dropped?
Hiroshima
Where was the second atomic bomb dropped?
Nagasaki
When was the first concentration camp opened?
March of 1933
What was the first concentration camp called?
Dachau
What types of people were sent to Dachau?
Jews, Communists, Handicaps, or anyone who didn’t fit the Aryan stereotype.
What were the Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935?
made Jews legally different from their non-Jewish neighbors.
What was Kristallnacht?
an event in which Nazi leaders destroyed and vandalized Jewish synagogues, homes, and businesses.
What were ghettos?
isolated communities which only housed Jews in horrible living conditions.
What were Jews forced to wear on their clothig?
the Star of David, for recognition purposes
What was the Final Solution?
the plan to conduct a mass murdering of Europe’s Jews.
How was the Final Solution planned to be executed?
through the transportation of Jews (in ghettos) to concentration camps via train.
Define ‘lend lease’
a law passed that allowed the US to lend resources to any nation that is vital to the defense of the US
Define Isolationism
the act of isolating from war
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