Chapter 9 Obstetrics and Neonatology

gamete

mature germ cell, either sperm (male) or ovum (female)

VBAC

vaginal birth after cesarean

AB

abortion

cvs

chorionic villus sampling

cmv

cytomegalovirus

gavage

feeding through a tube. critically ill newborns

obstetrics (OB)

medical specialty dealing with pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium

umbilicus

navel; marks the site of attachment of the umbilical chord in a fetus

ovulation

expulsion of a mature ovum from an ovary

conception, or fertilization

beginning of pregnancy, when the sperm enters the ovum; occurs in the uterine tubes

zygote

cell formed by the union of the sperm and the ovum

embryo

unborn offspring in the stage of develpment from implantation of the zygote to the end of the second month of pregnancy

fetus

unborn offspring from beginning of the third month of pregnancy until birth

gestation, pregnancy

development of a new individual from conception to birth

gestation period

duration of pregnancy; approximately 9 months

implantation

embedding of the zygote in the uterine lining; begins about 7 days after fertilization and continues for several days

placenta, or afterbirth

a structure that grows on the wall of the uterus during pregnancy and allows for nourishment of the unborn child

amniotic, or amnionic, sac

membranous bag that surrounds the fetus before delivery

chorion

outermost layer of the fetal membrane

amnion

innermost layer of the fetal membrane

amniotic, or amnionic, fluid

fluid within the amniotic sac, which surrounds the fetus

amni/o, amnion/o

amnion, amniotic fluid

chori/o

chorion

embry/o

embryo, to be full

fet/o, fet/i

fetus, unborn child

gravid/o

pregnancy

lact/o

milk

nat/o

birth

omphal/o

umbilicus, navel

par/o, part/o

bear, give birth to, labor childbirth

puerper/o

childbirth

cephal/o

head

episi/o

vulva

esophag/o

esophagus

hyster/o

uterus

pelv/o, pelv/i

pelvic bone, pelvis

prim/i

first

pseud/o

false

pylor/o

pylorus

terat/o

malformations

ante-, pre-

before

micro-

small

multi-

many

nulli-

none

post-

after

-amnios

amnion, amniotic fluid

-centesis

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid

-cyesis

pregnancy

-e

noun suffix, no meaning

-is

noun suffix, no meaning

-partum

childbirth, labor

-rrhexis

rupture

-tocia

birth, labor

-um

noun suffix, no meaning

-us

noun suffix, no meaning

amnionitis

inflammation of the amnion

chorioamnionitis

inflammation of the chorion and amnion

choriocarcinoma

cancerous tumor of the chorion

dystocia

difficult labor

hysterorrhexis

rupture of the uterus

oligohydramnios

scanty amnion water

polyhydramnios

much amnion water; also called hydramnios

pseudocyesis

false pregnancy

abortion (AB)

termination of pregnancy by the expulsion from the uterus of an embryo before fetal viability, usually before 20 weeks of gestation

abruptio placentae

premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

eclampsia

severe complication and progression of preeclampsia characterized by convulsion and coma

ectopic pregnancy

pregnancy occurring outside the uterus commonly in the uterine tubes

placenta previa

abnormally low implantation of the placenta on the uterine wall

preclampsia

abnormal condition encountered during pregnancy or shortly after delivery characterized by high blood pressure, edema, and proteinuria, but with no convulsions or coma

microcephalus

(fetus with a very) small head

omphalitis

inflammation of the umbilicus

omphalocele

herniation at the umbilicus

pyloric stenosis

narrowing pertaining to the pyloric sphincter

tracheoesophageal fistula

abnormal passageway pertaining to the esophagus and the trachea

cleft lip and palate

congenital split of the lip and roof of the mouth

down syndrome

congenital condition characterized by varying degrees of mental retardation and multiple defects

coarctation of the aorta

congenital stenosis (narrowing) that occurs in the arch of the aorta

congenital cytomegalovirus infection (CMV)

herpes type virus that crosses the placenta

congenital heart disease

heart abnormality present at birth

erythroblastosis fetalis

condition of the newborn characterized by hemolysis of the erythrocytes; caused by incompatibility of the infants and mothers blood

esophageal atresia

congenital absence of part of the esophagus

fetal alcohol syndrome

a condition caused by excessive alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy

gastroschisis

a congenital fissure of the abdominal wall not at the umbilicus

respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

a respiratory complication in the newborn, especially premature infants.

spina bifida

congenital defect in the vertebral column caused by the failure of the vertebral arch to close

amniotomy

incision into the amnion (rupture of fetal membrane to induce labor)

episiotomy

incision of the vulva (prevents traumatic tear of vulva during birth)

cervical cerclage

suturing the cervix closed to prevent dilation and premature delivery

cesarean section (C-section)

birth of a fetus through an incision in the mothers abdomen and uterus

in vitro fertilization

fertilizing human ova outside the body and placing it back in uterus. infertility treatment.

pelvic sonography

pertaining to the pelvis, process of recording sound

nuchal translucency screening

ultrasound test to check the back of the fetal neck for extra fluid or thickening. formed around 11 to 13 weeks of pregnancy. shows increased risk for down syndrome or congenital disorders

quad screen

blood test during second trimester measuring certain hormone levels that can increase risk of certain disorders in developing fetus

apgar score

system for rapid neonatal assessment at 1 to 5minutes after birth. 0-2 scale with 7-10 being normal. criteria are heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, response to stimuli and color

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

prenatal test that samples placenta blood. 10-13 week to test for chromosome or genetic issues. small chance of miscarriage so only for emergencies.

amniocentesis

surgical puncture to aspirate amniotic fluid

amnioscope

instrument used for visual examination of the amniotic fluid

amnioscopy

visual examination of amniotic fluid

amniochorial

pertaining to the amnion and chorion

amniorrhea

discharge (escape) of amniotic fluid