AP Euro Chapter 12

The single most powerful European political ideology proved to be ________

Nationalism

Nineteenth-century liberals derived their political ideas from the _______

Writers of the Enlightenment

Although their provisions were limited in scope, which three German states granted constitutions after 1815?

Baden, Bavaria, and Wurttemberg

Louis XVIII agreed to become a(n) _______

Constitutional monarch

The Charter provided for a(n) _______

Hereditary monarchy and a bicameral legislature

The major powers at the Congress of Vienna included ________

Russia, Austria, Prussia, and Great Britain

Who was placed on the Spanish throne after Napoleon's downfall and, although he promised to govern according to a written constitution, ignored his pledge?

Ferdinand VII

The Treaty of London, signed in 1827, demanded _________

Turkish recognition of Greek independence

In 1804, the French colony of ______ achieved independence

Haiti

By 1830, ______ had achieved independence

Most of Latin America

Who is most associated with Venezuelan independence?

Simon Bolivar

The _____ Society was moderate and favored constitutional monarchy and the abolition of serfdom, but wanted to protect the interests of the aristocracy

Northern

Who succeeded Tsar Alexander I, who died in November 1825?

Nicholas

The Russian tsar was king of ______ and frequently infringed on the constitution and quarreled with its diet

Poland

_____ lowered interest rates on government bonds to indemnify aristocrats who had lost lands in the French Revolution

Charles X

Britain saw a(n) __________ opportunity in the weakness of Spain after the Spanish Revolution

Economic

In 1821, the Ottomans faced a revolt of the ________

Greeks

Jose de San Martin led the independence movement in what is today _______

Argentina

Most of the revolutionary movements were led by ________

Creole elites

A peaceful rebellion against colonial powers occurred in ________

Brazil

The Decembrist Revolt began with a revolt among _________

Officers

Primogeniture in France was restored by __________

Charles X

The first congress under the Congress System met in _______

Aix-la-Chapelle

The Corn Law maintained high prices on grain by levying import duties on foreign grain in _________

Britain

What typeof person joined the Burschenschaften?

Students

As a political outlook, nationalism was and is based on the relatively modern concept that a nation is composed of people who are joined together by ________

Common languages, culture, and history

Early nineteeth-century nationalism directly opposed the principle upheld at the Congress of Vienna that _________

Legitimate monarchies or dynasties, rather than ethnicity, provide the basis for political unity

A significant difficulty for nationalism was, and is, _________

Determining which ethnic groups could be considered nations

Which of the following correctly identifies the major pillars of nineteenth-century conservatism?

Legitimate monarchies, landed aristocracies, and established churches

What reaction did the German government have to the Burschenschaften?

The Burschenschaften made the government uneasy

What did the Carlsbad Decree do?

It dissolved the Burschenschaften

The Six Acts attempted to _______

Curb political dissent

The Concert of Europe refers to the _______

New informal arrangement for resolving mutual foreign policy issues

Under the Congress System, France was ________

Readmitted to the Congress in good standing

What did the Protocol of Troppau require of European governments?

They agreed to intervene to restore order in countries threatened by revolution

What event sparked movements for independence from European domination throughout Latin America?

The wars on the French Revolution, particularly those of Napoleon

Tsar Alexander I turned away from reform, and both at home and abroad took the lead in suppressing _________

Liberalism and nationalism

The Four Ordinances were an example of ______

Conservative reaction

Haiti's revolution was ______ the general course of independence movements in Latin America

Unusual in

The faith in free and unregulated trade between European nations was most closely aligned with ________

Nineteenth-century liberals

What was the outcome of the Mexican independence movement for the royalist Augustin de Iturbide?

He was declared emperor by conservative Mexicans

The first call for rebellion in New Spain came from a(n) ______

Priest and his Indian followers

What event led to the exile of Charles X in France?

The July Revolution

The slogan "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationalism" was associated with _______

Official Nationality

Prince Klemens von Metternich is remembered as a(n) ______

Conservative statesman

What was the relationship between Russia and Serbia after the mid-1820s?

Russia became the protector of Serbia

What did Louis XVIII hope to achieve in his constitution called the Charter?

He hoped to reconcile with the aristocracy and the church

Why did the Habsburg Empire resist nationalism?

Nationalism would seriously weaken the ethnically diverse Habsburg Empire

What treaty temporarily solved the "Eastern Question" for European nations?

The Treaty of London

Creole leadership in Latin American revolutions was prompted primarily by their desire to ________

Compete with peninsulares

Which of these best parallels the relationship between England and Ireland in the 1800s?

Russia and Poland

Nineteenth-century liberals would mostly likely to be associated with which of these?

Written constitutions

A major impediment to an alliance between liberals and workers was the liberal policy of ______

A free market

Which generalization is most accurate regarding the progress of reform in Prussia under Frederick William III?

The reform movement was defeated completely under the conservative policies of Frederick William III

Which of the following events illustrated to Russian soldiers how backward and politically stifled their own nation remained?

The Russian occupation of France