Genetics Exam 4: Epigenetics and Eugenics

Epigenome

Collection of chemical changes to its DNA and histone proteins

Mainly by addition of methyl groups

True

T/F: During first days post fertilization, epigenetic tags are erased from Mom and Dad's chromosomes

The epigenetic modifications

As you form gametes, what remains on your DNA?

Imprinted genes

Epigenetic tags not removed by the body

Activate or silence specific genes

What can epigenetic tags do during cell specialization?

Diet, physical activity, toxins, stress

What affects the epigenome?

C

What base is targeted by DNA methylase

True

T/F: Methylation is reversible

inhibits

DNA methylation usually ____ transcription

CpG

Many eukaryotic genes contain ____ Islands near their promoter regions

Housekeeping Genes

Genes that produce proteins that we need in our cells on a regular basis

Tissue Specific Genes

Genes used in specific tissues of the body

Mosaicism

Some cells in the body express “A” while others express “a” resulting in a mix of color

HDAC

Decreases acetylation for gene silencing

HMT

Increases methylation for gene silencing

Eugenics

“selective breeding”

Positive Eugenics

Supporting the desirable trait families

Negative Eugenics

Holocaust

Polygenic traits, gene linkage, genetic variation, hybrid vigor, and genetic drift vs natural selection

What disproved eugenics