THE RATE AND EXTENT OF CHEMICAL CHANGE

Rate of Reaction

The speed at which reactants are consumed or products are formed over time.

Units of Rate of Reaction

Measurements can be in grams, cm^3, or moles per second (g/s, cm^3/s, mol/s).

Catalysts

Substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

Collision Theory

States that chemical reactions occur when particles collide with sufficient energy.

Activation Energy

The minimum energy required for particles to react.

Reversible Reactions

Reactions where products can react to form original reactants.

Equilibrium

When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal in a closed system.

Le Chatelier’s Principle

States that a system at equilibrium will respond to counteract changes in conditions.

Effect of Temperature on Equilibrium

Increasing temperature favors the endothermic reaction, while decreasing temperature favors the exothermic reaction.

Effect of Pressure on Equilibrium

Increasing pressure favors the side with fewer gas moles, while decreasing pressure favors the side with more gas moles.