APHG Unit 2b

Activity Spaces

The space within which daily activity occurs

Asylum

Shelter and protection in one state for refugees from another state

Brain Drain

the emigration of highly trained or intelligent people from a particular country

Chain Migration

Pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links (i.e. one migrant settles in a place and then writes, calls, or communicates through others to describe this place to family and friends who in turn then migrate there)

Colonization

Physical process whereby the colonizer takes over another place, putting its own government in charge and either moving its own people into the place or bringing in indentured outsiders to gain control of the people and the land

Cyclic Movement

Movement—for example, nomadic migration—that has a closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally

Distance Decay

The effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction

Forced Migration

Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate

Gravity Model of Migration

A mathematical prediction of the interaction of places, the interaction being a function of population size of the respective places and the distance between them

Guest Workers

a foreign national who is permitted to live and work temporarily in an industrialized country. Most guest workers perform manual labor

Immigration Policies

Policies and regulations of a state designed specifically to control immigration into that state (in regards to the selection, admission, settlement and deportation of foreign citizens residing in the country)

Immigration Waves

Phenomenon whereby different patterns of chain migration build upon one another to create a swell in migration from one origin to the same destination

Internal Migration

Human movement within a nation-state, such as ongoing westward and southward movements in the United States

Inter (ex: International)

a prefix that means between two groups

Intra (ex

Intranational) - a prefix which means within or inside one group

Internally displaced persons (IDPs)

someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders. They are often referred to as refugees, although they do not fall within the legal definitions of a refugee.

International Migration

Human movement involving movement across international boundaries

Intervening Opportunity

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away

Intervening obstacles

An environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration. Such as Visas, mountains or lack of money.

Islands of development

Place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure

Kinship Links

Types of push factors or pull factors that influence a migrant's decision to go where family or friends have already found success

Migrant Labor

A common type of periodic movement involving millions of workers in the United States and tens of millions of workers worldwide who cross international borders in search of employment and become immigrants, in many instances

Net Migration

The difference between immigration into a country and emigration out of a country during the year; important to the demographic equation which helps determine the change in population over a period of time

Nomadism

Movement among a definite set of places—often cyclic movement

Periodic Movement - Movement, for example, college attendance or military service—that involves temporary, recurrent relocation

Pull Factors

Positive conditions and perceptions that effectively attract people to new locales from other areas

Push Factors

Negative conditions and perceptions that induce people to leave their abode and migrate to a new locale

Quotas

Established limits by governments on the number of immigrants who can enter a country each year

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration

Geographer EG Ravenstein noted patterns and laws about migration tendencies and demographics (short distances, urban areas, step migration, rural to urban, counter migration, youth & gender)

Refugee

People who have fled their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country

Remittances

Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries

Selective Immigration

Process to control immigration in which individuals with certain backgrounds are barred from immigrating

Step Migration

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to town and city

Transhumance

A seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures

Transnational migration

a process of movement and settlement across international borders in which individuals maintain or build multiple networks of connection to their country of origin while at the same time settling in a new country

Voluntary Migration

Movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity, not because they are forced to move