chapter 1 whap

from the textbook "the earth and its peoples"

stone age was how many years ago and what were its subdivisions?

4000years ago, paleolithic was the old stone age and neolithic was the new stone age

cave art suggested that stone age people had _____, and their use of red ochre powder in caves indicated that they may have believed in an _____

well-developed religions, afterlife

domestic rice originated in _____

southern China

what most likely drove people to abandon hunting and gathering in favor of pastoralism and agriculture?

climate change

kinship led to reverence for ____ ____. a plastered skull from Jericho may be evidence of this

departed ancestors

which neolithic villages grew into towns and centers of trade?

jericho and catal huyuk

round mud-brick dwellings were characteristic of _____

jericho

catal huyuk’s houses did not have ____

walls

long distance trade at cats huyuk featured ___

obsidian

mesopotamia is between which two rivers

tigris and Euphrates

the written record begins with ____

the sumerians

akkadian is a _____ language

semitic

mesopotamian cities controlled the agricultural land and collected crop surpluses and provided ____ and _____

military protection and a market with manufactured goods

city - state

self governing urban center and agricultural territories it controlled

disputes over land and water rights led to the building of ___________

protective walls of sun-dried bricks

name the powerful city-state that became powerful enough to dominate neighbors

akkad (ruler is sargon)

what lead to the fall of the third dynasty of ur?

nomad incursions and an Elamite attack

for items that could not be bartered, mesopotamians had its value calculated in relation to fixed weights of _____

precious metal or measures of grain

what are the three social divisions in the code of Hammurabi?

free landowning class (merchants, some artisans, and a lot of the obvious people), the class of dependant farmers and artisans, the class of slaves

sumerians imagined their gods as ________

anthropomorphic

symbol shu for hand and mu for water combined to form shumu, the word for ____

name

the mesopotamians used a base ___ number system

60

nilometers recorded each ____

flood

unlike mesopotamia, Egypt discovered ___ early in its history

unity

the pharaoh maintained ____, the divinely authorized order of the universe

ma’at

where were the capitals of Egypt

memphis, then Thebes

taxes were a substantial portion of the annual revenue of Egypt. the income supposed the ____, ____ and ____

palace, bureaucracy, and army

egypt didn't care as much about land than _____

resources

egypt’s social divisions were ________ than mesopotamia.

less pronounced

what were shawabtis?

small figurines representing servants

in the Indus valley civilization, what were the two urban sites that best typify their civilization

harappa and mohenjo daro

tools and other useful objects outweigh what in the indus valley?

decorative objects

a recent study concludes that ______ played an important rolee in the life and decay of the indus civilization

ecological stresses

Egyptians

conceived a positive notion of the gods’ designs for humankind. They believed that despite hazards, the righteous spirit could journey to the next world and look

forward to a blessed existence. In contrast, terrifying

visions of the afterlife torment Gilgamesh, the Mesopotamian hero: disembodied spirits of the dead stumbling around in the darkness of the Underworld for all

eternity, eating dust and clay, and slaving for the heartless gods of that realm.

egyptians vs the mesopotamian view of gods