Watershed Managment Exam Review

One size does not fit all (Watershed Management)

The principle that different regions have watersheds that function differently, requiring tailored management strategies.

US EPA Watershed Planning Framework

A structured approach for managing watersheds, emphasizing stakeholder engagement, data-driven decisions, and flexibility, suitable for dynamic conditions.

Watershed Planning Tools

Tools such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Hydrological Models, Water Quality Monitoring Tools, Decision Support Systems (DSS), Stakeholder Engagement Tools, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Tools, Climate Change Models, and Integrated Watershed Management Tools.

Integrated Water Resource Management

A process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems

Regulations (Water Quality)

Standards and goals established to solve or prevent environmental problems related to water quality, supply, and conservation.

DPSIR Conceptual Model

D = Cause,
I = Problem,
R = Solution

Tools (Watershed Management)

Watershed management requires physical, regulatory, or economic means for responding to problems involving the relationship between water and land uses; partnering, using sound science, taking well-planned actions and achieving results.

Virtual Water

The volume of water used to produce consumer products, including all water used in the production process.

Examples of Virtual Water

Beef, Coffee, Cotton, & Chocolate

Watershed Management

Continuous and multidisciplinary approach integrates various disciplines and stakeholder inputs to address the complex nature of watershed ecosystems.

Best Management Practices (BMPs)

Practices that reduce deforestation, ensure water quality, engage the community, control erosion, conserve biodiversity, and coordinate water resource management in the Billy Barquedier National Park (BBNP).

Examples of BMPs in Billy Barquedier National Park (BBNP)

Buffer zones, water quality monitoring stations, educational programs, erosion control measures, biodiversity assessments, and integrated management plans.

Relative Abundance

Number of individuals of each taxa collected relative to total number of organisms collected (expressed as a percentage)

Longitudinal Gradients

Watershed systems display successional morphological and energetic changes from upstream to downstream that results in successive changes in the composition of associated communities.

Hydrological Unit Codes

A system used to identify watersheds which was developed by the USA.

Protocol

A standardized method or list of methods that have been revised and adapted to assess which consist of material and equipment.

Hydrological Response Units

A watershed is divided into separate sub-watersheds to provide a complete record (modelling) of the water quantity in a watershed as a result of precipitation.

Psphenidae

Beetle

Trichoptera

Mayflies

Perlidae

Stoneflies

Water Quality Assessment

Safety of personnel and documentation are the most important on a water quality assessment.

B.M.W.P.S

Biological Monitoring Working Party Score

Sample

A small portion, piece, or segment selected as a sample.

Grab sample

The filling of the sample container without pre-rinsing with sample water is for

Sampling

An act, process, or technique of selecting an appropriate sample.

Taxa Richness

Total number of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera taxa collected at each site (calculated for cascade and riffle habitats only).

Infiltration Rate

Is the mechanism by which plants receive water & dissolved nutrients & by which groundwater supplies are maintained and replenished.

Rapid biological assessments

Protocols that measure water quality parameters and survey macro-invertebrate community structure, fish assemblages and diatom populations.

Soil permeability

Is affected by a range of factors, including particle size distribution (texture), degree of compaction, and chemical composition, especially salt concentration.

Watershed inventory

The building blocks with which to create predictive models of the system for application in evaluating the impacts of proposed management actions.

Integrated water resource management

A process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems

Micro-watershed

If a watershed is 1, 500 acres in size, it would be considered a

Pollutants

The two types of Pollutants on stream organisms are Organic Pollutants and Toxicants.

Resource problem

Erosion, a problem associated with watershed

Calcium Carbonate

Sedimentory rock - Sibun River, Sittee River, Manatee River and Monkey River

Igneous rock

Rio Hondo river, New River

Rill

Dry channels carved by converging surface flow that occurs only during periods of heavy rainfall.

Drainage basin

Area of land from which water (surface and subsurface) actually drains into the streams and rivers that collectively flow through a common outlet into a larger water body.

Shredders

Functional group of tiny animals (e.g. stone fly naiads, snails, long-toed water beetles, crane flies) that tear apart the decaying plant material, or CPOM and ingest pieces of detritus colonized with this rich biofilm.

Watershed

Area of land, a bounded hydrologic system, within which all living things are inextricably linked by their common water course and where, as humans settled, simple logic demanded that they become part of a community.

Phytothalamata

Non-flowing or lentic aquatic habitats within the water-holding portions of terrestrial plants.

Hyporheic zone

Region beneath and alongside a stream bed, where there is mixing of shallow groundwater and surface water; flow dynamics and behavior in this zone is important for fish spawning.

Fall

Area where waters plunge over large drop > 2.0 m.

Riparian forest

The technical name of the area within the RED rectangles.

Perennial stream

A type of stream.

Sand bar

The technical name of the area within the RED circle.

Lateral Scour Pool

The technical name in the picture.

Depositional bank

The technical name of the area within the RED rectangle.

Turbulent flow

The technical name of the diagram in the picture.

Headwater

The name of the section labelled 'B' in the diagram.

Mid reaches

The name of the section labelled 'A' in the diagram.

Lower reaches

The name of the section labelled 'C' in the diagram.

Filter Feeders

This group collects FPOM from the flowing water by the use of fine nets spun from silk or long bristles on their legs or mouth parts.

Freshwater marshes

Bodies dominated by gasses, sedges, rushes and other heraceous plants; occurs in blackwater areas, often associated with oxbow lakes.

Wetlands

Areas periodically inundated by water during wetter times of the year but are terrestrial habitats during dryer seasons.

Water as a universal solvent

It dissolves more substances than any other liquid

Transport

The mid-reach section of the watershed is the predominately component and temporary storage sites for sediments and large detritus.

Adhesion

An attraction between different substances, e.g., between water and plant cell walls.

Coastal Zone

The name of the section labelled "D" in the diagram

Magnitude

It is measure as the amount of water flowing through a river reach or the volume of water flowing past a point during a specified amount to time.

Watershed functions

It is the section covers watershed functions and processes - vital cyclic events necessary to the continuation of life in aquatic and terrestrial systems, and the source of substantial ecological services and benefits to our human communities as well.

Confined Aquifer

Geological strata that contain and transmit water, but lie sandwiched between two non-porous or water retentive layers of material.

Floodplain

The lateral dimension of a watershed has three main sections. The is a highly variable area on one or both sides of the stream channel that is inundated by floodwaters at some interval, from frequent to rare.