Origin
The attachment to the stationary bone
Insertion
The attachment to the moveable bone
First-class levers
Fulcrum between the effort and the load
Second-class lever
Load between the fulcrum and the effort
Third-class levers
Effort is between the fulcrum and the load
Head moves back and forth on vertebral column
Example of a first class lever
Raising leg on toes
Example of second class lever
Flexing elbow
Example of third class lever
Parallel Fascicle
Fascicles parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle' terminate at either end in flat tendons
Fusiform Fascicle
Fascicles nearly parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle; terminate in flat tendons; muscle tapers towards tendons, where diameter is less than at belly
Circular Fascicle
Fascicles in concentric circular arrangements form sphincter muscles that enclose an orifice
Triangular Fascicle
Fascicles spread over broad area converge at thick central tendon; gives muscle a triangular appearance
Pennate muscle
Short fascicles in relation to total muscle length; tendon extends nearly entire length of muscle
Unipennate Fascicle
Fascicles arranged on only one side of tendon
Bipennate Fascicle
Fascicles arranged on both sides of centrally positioned tendons
Multipennate Fascicles
Fascicles attach obliquely from many directions to several tendons
Prime mover (agonist)
Contracts to cause an action
Antagonist
Opposes the action of the prime mover
Synergists
Prevent unwanted movement or otherwise aid the movement (insertion site)
Fixator
Stabilizes the origin so the agonist can achieve maximum and effective contraction
Rectus
Parallel to midline
Transverse
Perpendicular to midline
Oblique
Diagonal to midline
Maximus
Largest
Minimus
Smallest
Longus
Long
Brevis
Short
Latissimus
Widest
Longissimus
Longest
Magnus
Large
Major
Larger
Minor
Smaller
Vastus
Huge
Deltoid
Triangular
Trapezius
Trapezoid
Serratus
Saw-toothed
Rhomboid
Diamond-shaped
Orbicularis
Circular
Pectinate
Comblike
Piriformis
Pear-shaped
Platys
Flat
Quadratus
Square, four sided
Gracilis
Slender
Flexor
Decreases joint angle
Extensor
Increases joint angle
Abductor
Moves bone away from midline
Adductor
Moves bone closer to midline
Levator
Raises or elevates body part
Depressor
Lowers or depresses body part
Supinator
Turns palm anteriorly
Pronator
Turns palm posteriorly
Sphincter
Decreases size of an opening
Tensor
Makes body part rigid
Rotator
Rotates bone around longitudinal axis
Biceps
Two origins
Triceps
Three origins
Quadriceps
Four origins
Muscles of the rotator cuff
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
Muscle compartments of the thigh
Medial (adductors), anterior (extensors), posterior (flexors)