Biology Exam - Anatomy

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26 Terms

1

Amino acids

The building blocks of proteins.

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2

Aorta

The largest artery in the body, carrying oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.

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3

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

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4

Atria

The two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood.

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5

Atrioventricular node (AV node)

A part of the heart's electrical conduction system that delays the electrical signal from the atria to the ventricles.

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6

Atrioventricular valves

Valves located between the atria and ventricles that prevent backflow of blood.

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7

Capillaries

Tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, where exchange of nutrients and gases occurs.

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8

Diastole

The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle relaxes and the chambers fill with blood.

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9

Digestive organs & accessory organs

Organs involved in digestion, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.

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10

Fatty acids

The building blocks of lipids (fats).

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11

Monosaccharides

Simple sugars that are the building blocks of carbohydrates.

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12

Myocardium

The muscular tissue of the heart.

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13

Myogenic muscle

Muscle tissue that generates its own contractions (e.g., the heart muscle).

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14

Oxygenated blood

Blood that is rich in oxygen.

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15

Deoxygenated blood

Blood that has had much of its oxygen removed.

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16

Pulmonary artery

The artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

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17

Pulmonary vein

The vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

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18

Purkinje fibres

Specialized muscle fibers that conduct electrical impulses through the ventricles, causing them to contract.

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19

Respiratory organs

Organs involved in gas exchange, including the lungs, trachea, and bronchi.

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20

Semilunar valves

Valves located at the exits of the ventricles (aortic and pulmonary valves) that prevent backflow of blood.

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21

Septum

A wall that divides the heart into left and right sides.

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22

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

The heart's natural pacemaker, which generates electrical impulses that initiate heartbeats.

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23

Systole

The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers.

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24

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.

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25

Vena cava

The large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium.

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26

Ventricles

The two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out to the lungs or the rest of the body.

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