Horse Exam #3

Follicles appear as ______A______ on a ultrasound because they ____B______.

(A) black spots; (B) are fluid filled

What is the structure shown by "A" in the below image.

Rectum

In the summer, the pineal gland makes ___A___ melatonin; which then allows the hypothalamus to ___B___ GNRH, which then allows the pituitary gland to ___C___ LH and FSH.

(A) less; (B) produce; (C) produce

What is the structure "G" in the below image?

Deferent duct

In stallions, the testes are kept cooler by the _________

Pampiniform plexus

What is the structure "B" in the below image?

Bulbospongiosus muscle

If it takes longer than ________ for a mare to deliver a foal, this is cause for concern.

30 minutes

A mare has tachypnea. What is going on with this mare?

She is breathing very fast.

A mare that just gave birth is trembling. An abdominal ultrasound is performed. The "swirling" smoke within the circle is _________.

Blood

What is the structure shown by "B" in the below image.

Uterus

Is the following statement true or false? In wild horse herd behavior, the alpha male/stallion is generally in the lead directing where the herd moves.

False

The physiological response to the 'fight or flight' hormones includes many characteristics EXCEPT:

Increased blood flow to all organ systems

Is the following statement true or false? Horses can sleep standing up and thus do not need to ever lay down in a recumbent position.

False

Which behavior would you expect to see in regards to submission in horses?

Licking lips

When entering a stall a normal, relaxed head position would be:

At or slightly above the withers

What is this horse doing?

Flehmen response

Pawing, stal walking and stall kicking are all examples of what type of behavior?

Stereotypies

Is the following statement true or false? There are a variety of strategies employed to try to decrease or eliminate cribbing in.a horse, but time (how long a horse has been cribbing) is the biggest factor that influences success of a strategy.

True

Nasofacial irritation or pain related to the trigeminal nerve is thought to be related to which stereotypic behavior?

Head shaking

Is the following statement true or false? Dexamethasone pulse therapy is really the most effective drug treatment for head shaking.

False

The neurohormonal 'fight or flight' response pathway in horses involves many primary hormones EXCEPT for:

Corticosterone

Is the following statement true or false? A horse lying down in a recumbent position is a clear sign of abnormal behavior and is sign of a serious illness.

False

A horse swishing or wagging its tail, may be sign of:

Agitation

Cribbing is correlated with the following health issues EXCEPT:

Respiratory issues

Which of the following are health issues that should be ruled out before head shaking is determined to be a stereotypy? (Dental disease, Protozoal myeloencephalitis, Iridial cysts)

All of the answers provided

Is the following statement true or false. The nociceptive system is also considered one of the sensory systems.

True

List the tissues (from left to right) within the auditory system in order from the outside to inside:

Pinna, tympanic membrane, ossicles, cochlea

Which color cones are not included in horse vision?

Red

Which in the following images represents a horse's pupil.

Image C

Which of the listed cranial nerves specifically responds to touch?

Trigeminal

When you have a parasite inside the host, this is known as a(n) __________.

Infection

Diagnostic stages of a parasite that can be observed in feces of an animal ______________.

Only includes the patent stage of a parasite's lifecycle.

When you are setting up a fecal float, you need to make sure that the specific gravity of the flotation solution is ____ than the parasite that you want to examine so that the parasite's eggs will ______.

greater, float

Shown below is a picture of what?

An adult Anoplocephala perfoliata

Which organism can cause different diseases in a horse depending on its life stage?

Gasterophilus spp.

After the signalment for a horse is taken, what is the next thing that Dr. Mallicote does when she conducts a physical exam for a horse.

She assesses the horse standing outside of the stall

The sclera around the eyes of a horse can sometimes give you a hint about _________ in a horse.

Systemic Problems

The jugular vein shown in the below picture should fill in about ___________.

5 seconds

Is the following statement true or false. A lot of horses that are extremely ill have an extremely low body temperature.

False

Is the following statement true or false. When Dr. Mallicote conducts a physical exam of a mare, she typically starts at the tail and works her way up to the head. However, for a stallion, she starts at the head and works her way towards the tail.

False

A pleomorphic bacteria refers to...

A bacteria that can change its shape

Cattle can be affected by both biotypes of C. pseudotuberculosis. Is this statement true or false?

True

Transmission of C. pseudotuberculosis to humans can occur by

A) Consumption of infected milk productions from cows

B) Fomites

C) Transmission from horses. to humans

Choices A and B

The most common form of pigeon fever in horses results in _______, and occurs in about _______ of the cases.

External abscesses, 90%

The most definitive method to identify if a horse is infected with C. pseudotuberculosis is

Drain some of the abscess and attempt to culture the organism from this fluid.