WGU.D316.L4 Comparing Local Network Hardware complete questions with expert solutions + rationales

Uses radios and antennas for transmission and reception based on IEEE 802.11

Wireless Lan (WLAN)

Network spanning multiple geographic locations, for Internet

Wide Area Network (WAN)

A company dedicated to facilitating access to the Internet from local networks is called an

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Area equivalent to city or firm w/ multiple connected networks within the same metro area—larger than LAN but smaller than WAN

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Dedicated Site provisioning server resources supporting IT enterprise service offerings at scale

Data Center

Isolated network typically only accessible by servers, providing access to a configurable pool of storage devices that can be used by application servers

Storage Area Network (SAN)

SANs use connectivity technologies such as

Fiber-Channel and Internet SCSI (iSCSI)

wireless connectivity to connect to devices at a range of a few meters

Personal Area Network (PAN)

A MAC address consists of

48 binary digits, making it six bytes in size

MACs are typically represented as

12-digit hexadecimal value

ach frame of Ethernet data identifies ____________ in the frame header

Source and Destination MACs

Modern PC motherboards have this network adapter capability

1000BASE-T compatible adapter

Some NICs have multiple ports of same type (forex 2/41000BASE-T) and can be bonded to create a...

High-speed bonded link. 4 1-GB Eth ports bonded for nominal 4 Gbps

cables running terminated to insulation displacement connector (IDC) punch-down blocks on the panel frame each with RJ45 port

Patch Panel

Centralized networking device b-cast transmission from a node across all other ports so all nodes seem to be attached to same cable sometimes resulting in reduced efficacy due to collisions

Hub (obsolete)

ZERO hubs are compatible with _____________

GIGABIT ETH

First provided by inserting ___________ between hubs to break up collision domains.

Ethernet bridges

Decode incoming frame to ID source/dest MAC, tracking MAC to port and forwards it appropriate dest MAC port

Eth Switch

In a switched environment, what does full duplex mean?

Node can send/receive simultaneously at full line speed

On a switch each port is full duplex and a separate _________________

collision domain

switch performs its function without requiring any sort of configuration. You just power it on and connect some hosts to it, and it establishes Ethernet connectivity between the network interfaces without any more intervention

Unmanaged Switch

A ___________ is unmanaged OOB, but access via mgmt port, for advanced function and uplink ports allowing connect to other gear

Managed Switch

Gear provides PS and fast-comm backplane to interconnect multiple units and enables provisioning at scale via single compact footprint

Enterprise modular switch

Configuring a managed switch can be performed over either ________________

a web or command line interface.

used to intercept the signals passing over a cable and send them to a packet or protocol analyzer.

Network tap or TAP

Most popular type of network cable

UTP cable

extra protection against interference. Shielded cable is often used for 10G Ethernet and higher within datacenter networks because it is more reliable than UTP

STP cable

Eth cabling standard

TIA/EIA-568 standard

pin 1 is wired to green/white, pin 2 is wired to green, pin 3 is wired to orange/white, and pin 6 is wired to orange

TIA/EIA-568 - T568A

orange terminates to 1 and 2 and green to 3 and 6

TIA/EIA-568 - T568B

MAC address of the AP's radio is the

Basic Service Set ID (BSSID)

Most Wi-Fi networks are configured in what is technically referred to as

Infrastructure Mode

Infrastructure mode means each client device is configured to network using ________________

Access Point (AP)

APs establish WIFI net but can also be a

bridge between WIFI devices and wired net.

5GHz devices must implement to prevent interference for radar and satellite installations

Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)

lower data rates at longest range, lower channels interference w/other wireless and appliances, best propagation

2.4GHz

higher data rates at shorter ranges, more channels less interference, but less penetration

5 GHz

Standard using 5 GHz only

IEEE 802.11a 54 Mbps rate

Standard using 2 GHz only

IEEE 802.11b 54 Mbps

Standard upgrade from 802.11b

IEEE 802.11g 54 Mbps rate

Works dual-band, with optional channel bonding for increased bandwidth

IEEE 802.11n 72 Mbps

802.11n (2x 20MHz => 40 MHz channel)

Channel bonding 150 Mbps

802.11n reliability/bandwidth increase using signal multiplexing multiple antennas (2-3)

Multiple In/Multiple Out (MIMO)

802.11n APs are classed using Nxxx designations, where xxx is the

Nominal bandwidth

2 bonded channel w/ 300 Mbps rate, on both 2.4 and 5 GHz

N600 2x2 AP where 600 Mbps is bandwidth

Designed for only 5GHz allows ~8 streams (80 MHz at 433 Mbps) although most is 4x4

802.11ac (WIFI5) / AC5300

Per-stream data rate over 80 MHz to 600 Mbp

802.11ax (WIFI6) / AX6000

WIFI5/6, allows AP to use multiple antennas to send data to up to 4 clients simultaneously

Multiuser MIMO and DL MU-MIMO

Works w/ MU-MIMO to improve client density—sustaining high data rates when more stations are connected to same AP

WIFI6 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA).

Wireless signal strength is measured in

decibel (dB)

Signal strength is represented as the ratio of a measurement to 1 milliwatt (mW), where 1 mW is equal to

0 dBM

Comparative data signal strength to background noise

Signal to Noise (SNR)

regulation of the radio spectrum means that the transmitters required to cover long distances must be carefully configured. These solutions are referred to as

LR Fixed Wireless (LRFW)

NetOps has exclusive right to use a frequency band within a given geographical area from authoritative regulator

Licensed LRFW

Ops uses public band, 900M, 2.4 and 5 GHz where interference is risk and power output is limited by regulatory requirements

Unlicensed LRFW

DSL (sym, asym) data rate

DLR 24 Mbps and ULR 1.25-2.5 Mbps

Data over Cable Service Interface Spec (DOCSIS) data rate

DLR 38 Mbps (NA) or 50 Mbps (EU) and ULR 27 Mbps

Use a SIM card to use an unlocked handset with chosen network provider

Global System Mobile Communication (GSM)

handset is directly managed by the provider and there is no removable SIM card.

Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

Converged standards supported by both GSM and CDMA providers where SIM card issued by provider

4G LTE

Rather single large antenna serving a cell, has many smaller antenna arrays for multipath and beamforming to overcome propagation limitations - Massive MIMO

5G