Biology Lecture 9 - Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to sexual reproduction and meiosis.

Asexual Reproduction

A mode of reproduction where a single organism replicates its DNA and divides into two genetically identical offspring.

Sexual Reproduction

A mode of reproduction involving the fusion of gametes from two parents, resulting in genetically diverse offspring.

Diploid Cells

Cells that contain two sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent.

Haploid Cells

Cells that contain one set of chromosomes, such as sperm and egg cells.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing haploid gametes.

Crossing Over

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis, contributing to genetic diversity.

Independent Assortment

The random distribution of homologous chromosome pairs during meiosis, resulting in a mix of maternal and paternal chromosomes in gametes.

Nondisjunction

The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division, which can lead to genetic disorders.

Zygote

The fertilized egg formed by the fusion of sperm and egg, which develops into a new organism.

Genetic Diversity

The variety of different genetic traits within a population, which enhances survival in changing environments.