hosa: puberty and adolescence

puberty age range and length

• 11-14 yrs. of age

• 2 yrs. to complete

when does puberty start?

• menarche (start of menstrual period) in girls

• production of sperm in boys

4 major changes in puberty

• fast physical growth

• changing body proportions

• development of primary and secondary sex characteristics

frustrations of puberty

• desire for independence vs. need for supervision

• issues with self-esteem

• desire for acceptance within society

major characteristics of adolescence

• volatile emotions

• insecurity

• deep reflection of oneself

• experimentation

puberty vs. adolescence

• puberty: hormonal changes that lead to sexual maturation

• adolescence: broader life stage from childhood to adulthood

what is the first party of the body that shows the effect of the growth spurt?

feet, then legs and trunk

avg. height growth rate during puberty

20-25%

• boys: 4-12 in. (10-30 cm)

• girls: 2-8 in. (5-20 cm)

avg. weight gain during puberty

• boys: 15-65 lbs (7-30 kg)

• girls: 15-55 lbs (7-25 kg)

primary sex characteristics

• gonads (sex glands)

• present at birth but are inactive until puberty

what stimulates the gonads?

• adenohypophysis: anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

• produces hormone

what is the male gonad?

testes

where are testes located and what do they produce?

• in the scrotum (a sac) outside the boy

• produce sperm and testosterone

• ejaculation: release of sperm; proves functionality of testes

penis

• male sex organ

• grows in size

what is the female gonad?

ovaries

where are the ovaries located and what do they produce?

• pelvic cavity

• produce female sex cells (ova)

• for reproduction and the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone

menstrual flow

• monthly discharge of blood, mucus, and tissue from uterus

• to show capability of pregnancy

• puberty → menopause (not during pregnancy)

what is the length of the menstrual cycle?

• 21-45 days

• after 3rd year: 21-34 days

avg. blood loss in each period

30-60 mL

secondary sex characteristics

• physical traits that develop during this period but aren’t directly part of the reproductive organs

how does pubic hair change?

sparse and lightly pigmented → darker, coarse, and curly

what causes the deepening of the voice in boys?

the larynx and vocal cords increase in size

breast development in girls

• causes increased fatty tissue

• mammary glands mature

what occurs with the sebaceous glands?

• produce oil

• become larger and more active

• can cause acne

what causes odor in armpits and groin?

apocrine glands (sweat) become larger

when does height growth stop?

• girls: age 16-17

• boys: age 18-20

when do the second molars appear?

age 13

when do the wisdom teeth appear?

age 14-25

avg. heart rate

60-90 bpm

avg. respiratory rate

16-24 breaths per min. (same as adult)

why is blood pressure higher in boys during this stage?

more force needed to distribute blood to the larger body

how many american highschool students identify as lgbtq+?

8-16%

chlamydia

• can be asymptomatic

• yellow tinted vaginal discharge

• painful urination

• bleeding outside regular cycle

trichomoniasis

• thin, frothy, yellow-green vaginal discharge

• vaginal itching, tenderness, redness

• painful urination and intercourse

herpes genitalis

• blisters

• pain

• swollen glands

• vaginal discharge

• itching

gonorrhea

• can lead to eye-infection/blindness in kid

• may be asymptomatic

• yellow-green vaginal discharge

• painful urination/intercourse

syphilis

painless ulcer (chancre) on genitals, anus, or lips

HIV

• lethargy

• flu symptoms

• weight loss

• skin lesions

• fungal infections

HPV

• potential genital warts

• usually no symptoms

• some can cause cancer in penis, anus, cervix, or throat

puberty psychosocial development

• increasing negativity due to increasing self-consciousness

• more alone time

• desire for fewer restrictions

adolescence psychosocial development

• search for identity

• personal values and beliefs

• ambivalence on many issues

13-14 yrs. emotions

• hiding feelings

• narrow perspective

• hard to compromise

15-16 yrs. emotions

• better compromising

• more tolerant

• dating and crushes begins

17-19 yrs. emotions

• seriousness

• more separated from family

• increase in stress → increase in outbursts

• deeper sexual relationships

democratic style discipline

encourages them to make their own decisions, but parent can disapprove

autocratic style discipline

teen can’t express their feelings and parents make decisions based solely on what they want

laissez-faire style discipline

teen decides completely on their own without any guidance from parents

avg. daily calorie requirement for teen girls

2600 calories

avg. daily calorie requirement for teen boys

3600 calories

recommended protein intake percentage

12-16%

what nutrient do teen girls especially need due to menarche?

iron due to potential for anemia

anorexia nervosa

• intentional starvation

• 25% weight loss or more

• connected to emotion

• 1% of men and 4% of women

bulimia nervosa

• eating binges + purging through self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or exercise

• needs medical attention

binge-eating disorder

• losing control over eating

• leads to obesity

• most common ED in america

sleep requirement for teens

8 hours

leading cause of death in adolescents

accidents

2nd leading cause of death in adolescents

homicide

how common is binge-drinking in teens?

18%

binge drinking

man: 5 or more drinks in a row

woman: 4 or more drinks in a row