Zool 2403, Exam 4 Spring 2015 (research quizzes)

Sally the scientist visited her father, an oncologist who told her of a new agent called "Magic." This agent was being used by other medical professionals to treat patients with ovarian tumors. Sally's dad was unsure whether or not to use this treatment on his patients. So, to help her father decide on whether or not to use the new agent, Sally decided to study the effectiveness of "Magic." To conduct the experiment, Sally used 50 rats, all roughly the same age, with ovarian tumors in total. The 25 rats in Group A were given "Magic", while the 25 rats in Group B were given saline that she knew had no effect on cell growth. She gave all rats, regardless of treatment group, the same dose of their product at the same time of day. Additionally, she closely controlled the environments, activity availability and diets of all of the rats. After a month, Sally found that 21 out of 25 rats in Group A had smaller sized tumors in their ovaries compared to the 25 rats from Group B. She reported to her father, that the "Magic" agent appears to slow tumor cell growth in rats after a month of treatment.

Group A served as the _____ in her experiment.

Experimental

What is a primary resource?

Firsthand research; original study

Sally the scientist visited her father, an oncologist who told her of a new agent called "Magic." This agent was being used by other medical professionals to treat patients with ovarian tumors. Sally's dad was unsure whether or not to use this treatment on his patients. So, to help her father decide on whether or not to use the new agent, Sally decided to study the effectiveness of "Magic." To conduct the experiment, Sally used 50 rats, all roughly the same age, with ovarian tumors in total. The 25 rats in Group A were given "Magic", while the 25 rats in Group B were given saline that she knew had no effect on cell growth. She gave all rats, regardless of treatment group, the same dose of their product at the same time of day. Additionally, she closely controlled the environments, activity availability and diets of all of the rats. After a month, Sally found that 21 out of 25 rats in Group A had smaller sized tumors in their ovaries compared to the 25 rats from Group B. She reported to her father, that the "Magic" agent appears to slow tumor cell growth in rats after a month of treatment.

Which of the following would be considered an independent variable for Sally's study?

Magic

What is secondary research?

Source in which author has evaluated and summarized previous research

Sally the scientist visited her father, an oncologist who told her of a new agent called "Magic." This agent was being used by other medical professionals to treat patients with ovarian tumors. Sally's dad was unsure whether or not to use this treatment on his patients. So, to help her father decide on whether or not to use the new agent, Sally decided to study the effectiveness of "Magic." To conduct the experiment, Sally used 50 rats, all roughly the same age, with ovarian tumors in total. The 25 rats in Group A were given "Magic", while the 25 rats in Group B were given saline that she knew had no effect on cell growth. She gave all rats, regardless of treatment group, the same dose of their product at the same time of day. Additionally, she closely controlled the environments, activity availability and diets of all of the rats. After a month, Sally found that 21 out of 25 rats in Group A had smaller sized tumors in their ovaries compared to the 25 rats from Group B. She reported to her father, that the "Magic" agent appears to slow tumor cell growth in rats after a month of treatment.

Assuming Sally went on to publish her findings in a reputable scientific journal, it would be considered which type of resource?

Primary

What is applied research?

Type of research having direct value to practitioners. Typically researcher holds limited control.

Sally the scientist visited her father, an oncologist who told her of a new agent called "Magic." This agent was being used by other medical professionals to treat patients with ovarian tumors. Sally's dad was unsure whether or not to use this treatment on his patients. So, to help her father decide on whether or not to use the new agent, Sally decided to study the effectiveness of "Magic." To conduct the experiment, Sally used 50 rats, all roughly the same age, with ovarian tumors in total. The 25 rats in Group A were given "Magic", while the 25 rats in Group B were given saline that she knew had no effect on cell growth. She gave all rats, regardless of treatment group, the same dose of their product at the same time of day. Additionally, she closely controlled the environments, activity availability and diets of all of the rats. After a month, Sally found that 21 out of 25 rats in Group A had smaller sized tumors in their ovaries compared to the 25 rats from Group B. She reported to her father, that the "Magic" agent appears to slow tumor cell growth in rats after a month of treatment.

Part A

In her research journal, Sally initially wrote "Use of the agent leads to slower growth of tumor cells in patients after one month." This statement serves as the _____ of her study.

Hypothesis

What is basic research?

Type of research that may be limited in application. This researcher has careful control over experimental conditions.

Use the following scenario to answer the questions that follow:

Sally the scientist visited her father, an oncologist who told her of a new agent called "Magic." This agent was being used by other medical professionals to treat patients with ovarian tumors. Sally's dad was unsure whether or not to use this treatment on his patients. So, to help her father decide on whether or not to use the new agent, Sally decided to study the effectiveness of "Magic." To conduct the experiment, Sally used 50 rats, all roughly the same age, with ovarian tumors in total. The 25 rats in Group A were given "Magic", while the 25 rats in Group B were given saline that she knew had no effect on cell growth. She gave all rats, regardless of treatment group, the same dose of their product at the same time of day. Additionally, she closely controlled the environments, activity availability and diets of all of the rats. After a month, Sally found that 21 out of 25 rats in Group A had smaller sized tumors in their ovaries compared to the 25 rats from Group B. She reported to her father, that the "Magic" agent appears to slow tumor cell growth in rats after a month of treatment.

True or False. Sally's study followed the Scientific Method.

True

What is analytical research?

Review

What is descriptive research?

Survey

What is experimental research?

Qualitative, Quantitive

What is the scientific method?

Hypothesis drive research where the method of solving problem is in steps: defining the problem, hypothesis, collecting date, analyzing, results.

What is the unscientific method?

Method of acquiring knowledge based on intuition, authority, reasoning, tenacity, empirical thought, or other means.

What is statistics?

General purpose is to describe data, determine relations among and between variable and test between variables

What is an independent variable?

Part of the study being manipulated or otherwise can't be changed. AKA the treatment.

Identify the true statement regarding Pete Frates.

He is the motivation behind the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge.

What is a dependent variable?

What the study is trying to measure. The variable

Results of the Pupillo et al. (2014) paper Physical activity and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A European population-based case-control study suggest _____.

Repeated head trauma may be a risk for ALS in males.

What is the experimental group?

Group of subjects that are receiving treatment, compared to the control group.

Identify the method (design) used in the Hamidou et al (2014) Epidemiological evidence that physical activity...

Meta-Analysis

What is the control group?

Group of subjects or conditions that are not receiving any treatment.

What is a limitation?

Possible shortcoming or influence that could not be controlled or was introduced by the research

environment itself.

What is internal validity?

The extent to which the results of the study can be attributed to the treatments used

What is external validity?

The generalizability of results of a study to other populations not studied in the current research.

Research Debate Tobics:

Gymnastic Training, NFL & Concussion Liability, Gastric Bypass Surgery, Mandatory Flu Vaccine