During ________ the chromatin fibers become thick and ribbon- like.
New cards
2
Rudolf Virchow
________ in l858 made an addition to the cell theory by saying that all cells arise from pre- existing cells.
New cards
3
Chloroplasts
________ contain DNA and have the capacity to divide.
New cards
4
Flowers
________ attract insects by thief color contained in the petal cells, or by nectar secreted by the cells.
New cards
5
Hooke
________ examined a thin slice of cork under his microscope and observed that it was made of tiny "box- like "compartments piled up together.
New cards
6
Nucleus
________ is a small spherical mass located somewhat in the center of the cytoplasm.
New cards
7
Mitochondria
________ are the sites where cellular respiration occurs to release energy.
New cards
8
Chromosomes
________ are made of chromatin, which is composed of hereditary units called genes.
New cards
9
functional unit
The cell is the fundamental structural and ________ of all living beings.
New cards
10
endoplasmic reticulum
The ________ (ER) is so fine in the structure that its existence is revealed only through an electron microscope.
New cards
11
irregular network
It is a(n) ________ of double membranes distributed over the entire cytoplasm in a cell.
New cards
12
tubular structures
The Golgi complex consists of many small groups of hollow ________ with membranous walls and is associated with some minute vesicles and vacuoles.
New cards
13
body heat
We maintain our ________ (thermo- regulation) by cellular activity and we cool it when hot by sweating from gland cells in the skin.
New cards
14
Vacuoles
________: These are certain clear spaces in the cytoplasm.
New cards
15
cytoplasm
The ________ is a semi- liquid substance.
New cards
16
Granules
________: There are many small particles in the cytoplasm, these particles are believed to contain food materials, such as starch, glycogen and fats.
New cards
17
Robert Hooke
________ (1635- 1703), an English scientist, developed a microscope by using two lenses for achieving greater magnification.
New cards
18
Lysosomes
________ are small vesicles of different shapes containing some digestive enzymes.
New cards
19
human body cell
Every ________ has 46 (23 pairs) chromosomes.
New cards
20
Respiratory gases
________ are transported from the lungs to other parts of the body by blood cells.
New cards
21
spindle fibers
It is a clear area of cytoplasm close to the nucleus, (from which ________ develop during cell division both in mitosis and meiosis)
New cards
22
Matthias Schleiden
In 1838, ________, a German Botanist, announced that every plant is made up of a large number of cells.
New cards
23
Plastids
________ are found only in plant cells.
New cards
24
Multi
________- celled: Most plants and animals we see around us including ourselves, are made up of millions and billions of cells.
New cards
25
Golgi apparatus
The ________ occurs in the form of granules, filaments, or rods which are supposed to be originated from the endoplasmic reticulum.
New cards
26
centrosome
A(n) ________ is found only in an animal cell.
New cards
27
reproductive tract
The white (albumen) of the egg and the egg- shell are extra parts added to the actual egg as it passes down the ________.
New cards
28
independent existence
It is the smallest part of the body of an organism that is capable of ________ and of performing the essential functions of life.
New cards
29
Extra food
________ is stored as fat in fat cells and as glycogen in liver cells.
New cards
30
ribosomes
The ________ are numerous small granules either scattered freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
New cards
31
Dutch
The first microscope was constructed by ________ scientist Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632- 1723)
New cards
32
mango seed
The ________ had an embryo that also started as a single cell in the ovary of the flowers of the parent mango tree.
New cards
33
nuclear material
They have ________ called chromatic fibers which occur freely in the cytoplasm.
New cards
34
sensitive plant
The drooping of leaves of the ________ on touching and their subsequent recovery to stand out is due to the activity of the cells at the base of the leaves.
New cards
35
ordinary compound microscope
The ________ uses light which is bent by glass lenses to magnify the image while the electron microscope uses beams of electrons that are bent by magnets.
New cards
36
Genes
________ are made of a complex chemical substance DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
New cards
37
composition of protoplasm
It varies a little from one cell to another, although the common elements included in the ________, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, iron and phosphorus, are the same in all cells.
New cards
38
number of chromosomes
The ________ is definite in each species.
New cards
39
units of structure
He declared that all animals and plants are composed of cells, which serve as the ________ and function.
New cards
40
Structural Unit
________- If we take any part of the body of a frog or any part of a mango plant and examine it under a microscope, it will show a cellular structure.
New cards
41
colorless plastids
Leucoplasts: (leuco: white) are ________.
New cards
42
single cell
The egg was a(n) ________ produced by the cells of the ovary of the mother frog.
New cards
43
Sensory cells
________ on the tongue taste the food and muscle cells of the jaws and of the tongue help in chewing and swallowing.
New cards
44
Cells
________ are so small (microscopic) that they can not be seen with the naked eye.
New cards
45
stem cells
The ________ conduct the food and water to different parts of the plant.
New cards
46
animal cell
A(n) ________ does not have such prominent vacuoles, and the vacuoles are fewer in number.
New cards
47
blood cells
Human red ________ are circular and biconcave, to pass through narrow capillaries and transport oxygen.
New cards
48
Muscle cells
________ are long and contractile to pull or squeeze the parts.
New cards
49
movements of roots
In plants, the bending ________ towards water or gravity, or movements of stems towards light or away from gravity are due to the activities of cells (unequal growth in the cells)
New cards
50
Chloroplasts
________ are abundant in parts exposed to light, e.g.
New cards
51
Structural Unit
If we take any part of the body of a frog or any part of a mango plant and examine it under a microscope, it will show a cellular structure
New cards
52
Functional Unit
Any function in the body of the frog or in the mango plant is due to the activity in its cells
New cards
53
Cells die and are replaced
The body of the frog, or of the mango tree, is composed of millions and millions of cells
New cards
54
All life starts as a single cell
The life of the frog and the life of the mango tree started as an egg and as a seed respectively
New cards
55
Single-celled
Many small plants and animals are made up of just one single cell
New cards
56
Examples
Bacteria, yeast, amoeba
New cards
57
Few-celled
Some very small plants and animals are made up of relatively few cells-just a few hundred or a few thousand cells
New cards
58
Examples
Spirogyra, Volvox
New cards
59
Multi-celled
Most plants and animals we see around us including ourselves, are made up of millions and billions of cells
New cards
60
Examples
Human beings, Mango
New cards
61
The smallness of Cells
A Greater Efficiency
New cards
62
Cell organelles (the ‘little organs")
Most parts of a cell have a definite shape, a definite structure, and a definite function
New cards
63
The mitochondria *(*mitochondrion) are spherical, rod-shaped, or thread-like {mitos
thread) bodies
New cards
64
Chloroplasts
(chloro green)
New cards
65
Granules
There are many small particles in the cytoplasm, these particles are believed to contain food materials, such as starch, glycogen and fats
New cards
66
Vacuoles
These are certain clear spaces in the cytoplasm
New cards
67
Example
bacteria
New cards
68
Example
all organism other than bacteria
New cards
69
For example
Animals walk, run, jump, swim or fly with the help of muscles (contractile cells) which move the bones (formed of cells and cell secretions)
Studied by 13 people
Note 
Flashcard (29)