Studied by 13 people
cell division
During ________ the chromatin fibers become thick and ribbon- like.
Rudolf Virchow
________ in l858 made an addition to the cell theory by saying that all cells arise from pre- existing cells.
Chloroplasts
________ contain DNA and have the capacity to divide.
Flowers
________ attract insects by thief color contained in the petal cells, or by nectar secreted by the cells.
Hooke
________ examined a thin slice of cork under his microscope and observed that it was made of tiny "box- like "compartments piled up together.
Nucleus
________ is a small spherical mass located somewhat in the center of the cytoplasm.
Mitochondria
________ are the sites where cellular respiration occurs to release energy.
Chromosomes
________ are made of chromatin, which is composed of hereditary units called genes.
functional unit
The cell is the fundamental structural and ________ of all living beings.
endoplasmic reticulum
The ________ (ER) is so fine in the structure that its existence is revealed only through an electron microscope.
irregular network
It is a(n) ________ of double membranes distributed over the entire cytoplasm in a cell.
tubular structures
The Golgi complex consists of many small groups of hollow ________ with membranous walls and is associated with some minute vesicles and vacuoles.
body heat
We maintain our ________ (thermo- regulation) by cellular activity and we cool it when hot by sweating from gland cells in the skin.
Vacuoles
________: These are certain clear spaces in the cytoplasm.
cytoplasm
The ________ is a semi- liquid substance.
Granules
________: There are many small particles in the cytoplasm, these particles are believed to contain food materials, such as starch, glycogen and fats.
Robert Hooke
________ (1635- 1703), an English scientist, developed a microscope by using two lenses for achieving greater magnification.
Lysosomes
________ are small vesicles of different shapes containing some digestive enzymes.
human body cell
Every ________ has 46 (23 pairs) chromosomes.
Respiratory gases
________ are transported from the lungs to other parts of the body by blood cells.
spindle fibers
It is a clear area of cytoplasm close to the nucleus, (from which ________ develop during cell division both in mitosis and meiosis)
Matthias Schleiden
In 1838, ________, a German Botanist, announced that every plant is made up of a large number of cells.
Plastids
________ are found only in plant cells.
Multi
________- celled: Most plants and animals we see around us including ourselves, are made up of millions and billions of cells.
Golgi apparatus
The ________ occurs in the form of granules, filaments, or rods which are supposed to be originated from the endoplasmic reticulum.
centrosome
A(n) ________ is found only in an animal cell.
reproductive tract
The white (albumen) of the egg and the egg- shell are extra parts added to the actual egg as it passes down the ________.
independent existence
It is the smallest part of the body of an organism that is capable of ________ and of performing the essential functions of life.
Extra food
________ is stored as fat in fat cells and as glycogen in liver cells.
ribosomes
The ________ are numerous small granules either scattered freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Dutch
The first microscope was constructed by ________ scientist Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632- 1723)
mango seed
The ________ had an embryo that also started as a single cell in the ovary of the flowers of the parent mango tree.
nuclear material
They have ________ called chromatic fibers which occur freely in the cytoplasm.
sensitive plant
The drooping of leaves of the ________ on touching and their subsequent recovery to stand out is due to the activity of the cells at the base of the leaves.
ordinary compound microscope
The ________ uses light which is bent by glass lenses to magnify the image while the electron microscope uses beams of electrons that are bent by magnets.
Genes
________ are made of a complex chemical substance DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
composition of protoplasm
It varies a little from one cell to another, although the common elements included in the ________, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, iron and phosphorus, are the same in all cells.
number of chromosomes
The ________ is definite in each species.
units of structure
He declared that all animals and plants are composed of cells, which serve as the ________ and function.
Structural Unit
________- If we take any part of the body of a frog or any part of a mango plant and examine it under a microscope, it will show a cellular structure.
colorless plastids
Leucoplasts: (leuco: white) are ________.
single cell
The egg was a(n) ________ produced by the cells of the ovary of the mother frog.
Sensory cells
________ on the tongue taste the food and muscle cells of the jaws and of the tongue help in chewing and swallowing.
Cells
________ are so small (microscopic) that they can not be seen with the naked eye.
stem cells
The ________ conduct the food and water to different parts of the plant.
animal cell
A(n) ________ does not have such prominent vacuoles, and the vacuoles are fewer in number.
blood cells
Human red ________ are circular and biconcave, to pass through narrow capillaries and transport oxygen.
Muscle cells
________ are long and contractile to pull or squeeze the parts.
movements of roots
In plants, the bending ________ towards water or gravity, or movements of stems towards light or away from gravity are due to the activities of cells (unequal growth in the cells)
Chloroplasts
________ are abundant in parts exposed to light, e.g.
Structural Unit
If we take any part of the body of a frog or any part of a mango plant and examine it under a microscope, it will show a cellular structure
Functional Unit
Any function in the body of the frog or in the mango plant is due to the activity in its cells
Cells die and are replaced
The body of the frog, or of the mango tree, is composed of millions and millions of cells
All life starts as a single cell
The life of the frog and the life of the mango tree started as an egg and as a seed respectively
Single-celled
Many small plants and animals are made up of just one single cell
Examples
Bacteria, yeast, amoeba
Few-celled
Some very small plants and animals are made up of relatively few cells-just a few hundred or a few thousand cells
Examples
Spirogyra, Volvox
Multi-celled
Most plants and animals we see around us including ourselves, are made up of millions and billions of cells
Examples
Human beings, Mango
The smallness of Cells
A Greater Efficiency
Cell organelles (the ‘little organs")
Most parts of a cell have a definite shape, a definite structure, and a definite function
The mitochondria *(*mitochondrion) are spherical, rod-shaped, or thread-like {mitos
thread) bodies
Chloroplasts
(chloro green)
Granules
There are many small particles in the cytoplasm, these particles are believed to contain food materials, such as starch, glycogen and fats
Vacuoles
These are certain clear spaces in the cytoplasm
Example
bacteria
Example
all organism other than bacteria
For example
Animals walk, run, jump, swim or fly with the help of muscles (contractile cells) which move the bones (formed of cells and cell secretions)
Note 
Flashcard (120)