Physical Science - Chapter 10
Acids, Bases, and Salts
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10A Acids and Bases
- Acids * ^^Acid^^: a substance that produces hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution * ^^Aqueous Solution^^: a water-based solution * ^^Hydronium Ion^^: an ion formed by the combination of a water molecule and a hydrogen ion * ^^Indicator^^: a substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base
- Bases * ^^Base^^: a substance that produces hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution
- ^^Hydroxide Ion^^: an ion formed by oxygen and hydrogen * Slippery Feel * Conductivity * Color Change With Indicators * Bitter Taste
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10B Acidity and Alkalinity
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- Ionization of Acids * ^^Strong Acid^^: an acid in which all or most of the molecules produce hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution * ^^Weak Acid^^: an acid that produces few hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution
- Dissociation of Bases * ^^Strong Base^^: a base that readily produces large numbers of hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution
- Ionization of Bases * ^^Weak Base^^: a base that produces few hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution
- The pH scale * ^^pH^^: a unitless number between 0 and 14 that tells how acidic or basic a substance is
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- ^^Buffer^^: a weak acid or base in solution that resists changes in pH when a moderate amount of either an acid or base is added
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10C Salts
- ^^Salt^^: an ionic compound formed by a combination of cations and anions
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- ^^Neutralization^^: a double-replacement reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water
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