Physical Science - Chapter 10
Acids
Acid: a substance that produces hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution
Aqueous Solution: a water-based solution
Hydronium Ion: an ion formed by the combination of a water molecule and a hydrogen ion
Indicator: a substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base
Bases
Base: a substance that produces hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution
Hydroxide Ion: an ion formed by oxygen and hydrogen
Slippery Feel
Conductivity
Color Change With Indicators
Bitter Taste
Ionization of Acids
Strong Acid: an acid in which all or most of the molecules produce hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution
Weak Acid: an acid that produces few hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution
Dissociation of Bases
Strong Base: a base that readily produces large numbers of hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution
Ionization of Bases
Weak Base: a base that produces few hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution
The pH scale
pH: a unitless number between 0 and 14 that tells how acidic or basic a substance is
Buffer: a weak acid or base in solution that resists changes in pH when a moderate amount of either an acid or base is added
Salt: an ionic compound formed by a combination of cations and anions
Neutralization: a double-replacement reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water
Acids
Acid: a substance that produces hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution
Aqueous Solution: a water-based solution
Hydronium Ion: an ion formed by the combination of a water molecule and a hydrogen ion
Indicator: a substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base
Bases
Base: a substance that produces hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution
Hydroxide Ion: an ion formed by oxygen and hydrogen
Slippery Feel
Conductivity
Color Change With Indicators
Bitter Taste
Ionization of Acids
Strong Acid: an acid in which all or most of the molecules produce hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution
Weak Acid: an acid that produces few hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution
Dissociation of Bases
Strong Base: a base that readily produces large numbers of hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution
Ionization of Bases
Weak Base: a base that produces few hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution
The pH scale
pH: a unitless number between 0 and 14 that tells how acidic or basic a substance is
Buffer: a weak acid or base in solution that resists changes in pH when a moderate amount of either an acid or base is added
Salt: an ionic compound formed by a combination of cations and anions
Neutralization: a double-replacement reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water