Physical Science - Chapter 10 

Acids, Bases, and Salts

10A Acids and Bases

  • Acids
      * ^^Acid^^: a substance that produces hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution
      * ^^Aqueous Solution^^: a water-based solution
      * ^^Hydronium Ion^^: an ion formed by the combination of a water molecule and a hydrogen ion
      * ^^Indicator^^: a substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base
  • Bases
      * ^^Base^^: a substance that produces hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution
  • ^^Hydroxide Ion^^: an ion formed by oxygen and hydrogen
      * Slippery Feel
      * Conductivity
      * Color Change With Indicators
      * Bitter Taste

10B Acidity and Alkalinity

  • Ionization of Acids
      * ^^Strong Acid^^: an acid in which all or most of the molecules produce hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution
      * ^^Weak Acid^^: an acid that produces few hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution

  • Dissociation of Bases
      * ^^Strong Base^^: a base that readily produces large numbers of hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution

  • Ionization of Bases
      * ^^Weak Base^^: a base that produces few hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution

  • The pH scale
      * ^^pH^^: a unitless number between 0 and 14 that tells how acidic or basic a substance is

  • ^^Buffer^^: a weak acid or base in solution that resists changes in pH when a moderate amount of either an acid or base is added

10C Salts

  • ^^Salt^^: an ionic compound formed by a combination of cations and anions

  • ^^Neutralization^^: a double-replacement reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water