AP GOPO Unit 3 Vocab

Bill of Rights

Bill of Rights

the first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution, which defines the rights of US citizens in relation to their government

Civil Liberties

rights that protect people from government interference and are guaranteed by the Constitution

Civil Rights

personal rights that protect people from discrimination and guarantee equal opportunities and protection under the law

Civil Rights Act of 1964

prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin

Clear and Present Danger

a risk or threat to safety or other public interests that is serious and imminent

Due Process Clause

no state may deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law

Equal Protection Clause

the idea that a governmental body may not deny people equal protection of its governing laws

Establishment Clause

prohibits the government from "establishing" a religion

Exclusionary Rule

prevents the government from using most evidence gathered in violation of the United States Constitution

Free Exercise Clause

protects citizens' right to practice their religion as they please, so long as the practice does not run afoul of a "public morals" or a "compelling" governmental interest

Judicial Review

the ability of the Court to declare a Legislative or Executive act in violation of the Constitution

Miranda Rights

the rights (as the right to remain silent, to have an attorney present, and to have an attorney appointed if indigent) of which an arresting officer must advise the person being arrested

National Organization for Women

a non-partisan organization that advocates for gender equality in the United States

Patriot Act

allows investigators to use the tools that were already available to investigate organized crime and drug trafficking

Selective Incorporation

the process in which the Supreme Court of the United States ensures that the rights guaranteed in the Constitution are not violated by the states

Symbolic Speech

nonverbal, nonwritten forms of communication, such as flag burning, wearing armbands and burning of draft cards

Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 “Separate but Equal)

prohibits any form of sex discrimination in educational programs receiving federal funding

Voting Rights Act of 1965

prohibits racial discrimination in voting

Fourth Amendment (Exclusionary Rule)

prevents the government from using most evidence gathered in violation of the United States Constitution

Separate but Equal

the doctrine that racial segregation is constitutional as long as the facilities provided for blacks and whites are roughly equal