Basics of Grammar Professor Liam Cline

Professor Liam Cline teaches this as the first topic for HEOP students

How many Parts of Speech are there?

12

What are the different types of speech? (All of these won’t be on the quiz but good to know them all because you don’t know which ones will)

Nouns ; Transitions

Verbs ; Numeral

Adjectives ; Determiner

Adverbs ; Articles

Conjuctions ; Pronouns

Prepositions ; Interjections/Onomatopoeia

Nouns

Person, Place, or thing

Verbs

Actions

Adverbs

Describes verbs and other adverbs and adjectives

Pronouns

Replace names (he, she, her, it, him, they, them)

Conjunctions

Coordinating FANBOYS ; Subordinating (before, after, if, because)

What do FANBOYS stand for?

(Look vertically for the word (up and down))

F A N B O Y S

O N O U R E O

R D R T T T

Prepositions

Word(s) that connects nouns, pronouns, or other phrases to words in a sentence Ex: In, On, Up, Near, Outside, Across

Interjection/Onomatopoeia

Sounds Ex: Wow! Oops!

Numeral

Number

Transitions

Show relation between sentences Ex: Additionally, Furthermore, However

Determiner

This/That

Syntax

Word Order

Independent Clause

A group of words that contains a subject and a verb that make sense on their own. Ex: Jane ate pasta

Dependent Clause

A group of words that contains a subject and a verb that don’t make sense on their own. Ex: because she was hungry

A simple sentence has what and how many clauses?

1 Independent Clause

A compound sentence has what and how many clauses?

2 Independent Clauses

A complex sentence has what and how many clauses?

1 Independent and 1 Dependent Clauses

A compound complex sentence has what and how many clauses?

2 Independent and 1 Dependent

Nominalization

Take a verb and make it a noun

Cardinat Rule

make people do things

The subjects also known as

The noun

If the independent clause is first where does the comma go?

after the independent clause