AP 2.10 - special senses - vision, hearing and balance

5

Lower eyelid/lower palpebra

9

Upper eyelid/upper palpebra

8

Sclera

X

Iris

X

Pupil

X

Sclera

X

Cornea

X

Lens

X

Retina

X

Optic nerve

X

Pupil

X

Cornea

X

Ciliary body

X

Suspensory ligament

X

Retina

X

Optic nerve

X

Lens

X

Iris

X

Sclera

X

Choroid

X

Fovea

X

Canal of schlemm

X

Ciliary body

X

Suspensory ligaments

What are the choroid, ciliary body and iris referred together as

Uvea

If the cornea is cloudy what transplant may be indicated

Corneal transplant

What does astigmatism result from

Cornea with irregular radius of curvature

What are the two types of smooth muscle of the iris

Sphincter/constrictor pupillae muscle and dilator pupillae muscle

What type of innervation does the sphincter pupillae muscle receive

Parasympathetic

What type of innervation does the dilator pupillae muscle receive

Sympathetic

What are the two major layers that the retina has

Neural retina and external pigment epithelium

What is highlighted in green

Ciliary body

What is highlighted in green

Suspensory ligaments/zonular fibres

When the circular smooth muscle of the ciliary body contractions what happens to the lens?

Lens relaxes and becomes more spherical

What is a common condition affecting the lens

Cataracts

With age, what happens to the lens?

Loss of elasticity

Where is the anterior segment of the eye

In front of the lens

What type of fluid does the anterior segment of the eye contain

Aqueous humour

Where is the anterior chamber of aqueous humour between

Cornea and iris

Where is the posterior chamber of aqueous humour between

Iris and lens

What does the ciliary body secrete

Aqueous humour

What is the pathway of the aqueous humour

Ciliary body in posterior chamber → anterior chamber → canal of schlemm → venous system

What happens if the aqueous humour flow is disrupted

Glaucoma

What fluid does the posterior segment of the eye contain

Vitreous humour

What type of cells are in the retina

Rod and cone cells

What is highlighted in green

Fovea centralis

What is highlighted in green

Macula lutea

What layer of the eye is this

Choroid

What layer of the eye is this

Retina

What is X

Optic disc

What is X

Fovea centralis

What is X

Macula lutea

What does the arrow refer to

Medial canthus

What does the arrow refer to

Lateral canthus

What type of epithelium covers the palpabrae

Stratified squamous epithelium

What is the thin moist mucous membrane (arrow)

Conjunctiva

18

Orbicularis oculi

What is the orbicularis oculi supplied by

Facial nerve

What action does the orbicularis oculi do

Closes the eye

What does X refer to

Tarsal plates

What muscle is X

Levator palpebrae superioris

What are the two muscles which elevate the upper eyelid

Levator palpebrae superioris, superior tarsal muscle

What nerve supplies levator palpebrae superioris

Oculomotor

What type of nerves supplies the superior tarsal muscle

Sympathetic nerves

What happens if there is no sympathetic innervation to the superior tarsal muscle

Ptosis

What glands does the green arrow refer to

Tarsal/meibomian glands

What causes lid retraction

Sympathetic overflow

34

optic canal

42

Superior orbital fissure

16

Optic canal

8

Inferior orbital fissure

23

Superior orbital fissure

What nerves go through the superior orbital fissure

Oculomotor, trochlear, Opthalmic nerve, frontal nerve, lacrimal nerve, nasociliary nerve, abducens nerve

26

Oculomotor nerve

47

Trochlear nerve

1

Abducens nerve

31

Ophthalmic nerve

7

Frontal nerve

16

Lacrimal nerve

What type of information does the frontal nerve carry from the superior aspect of the face

Sensory information

What type of information does the lacrimal nerve carry from the lacrimal gland

General sensory information

27

Nasociliary nerve

11

Lacrimal nerve

17

Nasociliary nerve

21

Maxillary nerve

What nerve travels through the inferior orbital fissure

Maxillary nerve

12

Maxillary nerve

Where do the four recti muscles originate from

Common tendinous ring

43

Common tendinous ring

21

Superior oblique

1

Trochlea

21

Superior oblique

12

Inferior oblique

Where does the superior oblique originate from and insert at

Sphenoid bone, superior posterolateral quadrant of eyeball

Where does the inferior oblique muscle originate from and insert at

Maxilla, inferior posterolateral quadrant of the eyeball

6

Lacrimal gland

2

Lacrimal gland

2

Lacrimal caruncle

X

Lacrimal caruncle

X

Upper punctum