Intro to Psychopathology test #2

validity

Extent to which a measuring instrument actually measures what it purports to measure

Rapport

a trusting relationship between a therapist and a client, essential for effective therapy.

stress

Effects created within an organism by a stressor

crisis

a time of intense difficulty or danger that can disrupt an individual's psychological balance or functioning.

resilience

the ability to recover from or adapt well to adversity, trauma, or stress.

allostatic load

The cumulative burden of chronic stress on the body, which can lead to health issues.

cortisol

a hormone released during stress that helps regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism and immune response.

psychoneuroimmunology

the study of the interaction between psychological processes, the nervous system, and the immune system.

Positive Psychology

A branch of psychology focused on the promotion of well-being and the study of positive emotions, strengths, and factors that contribute to a fulfilling life.

Clinical Interview

tool in therapy used to gather client information for diagnosis and establish a therapeutic relationship. There are three main types

Structured Interview

follow strict guidelines for diagnosing mental disorders

Semi-Structured Interview

offer more flexibility while maintaining a standardized approach

Unstructured Interview

more of a conversation between the therapist and the client with there still being a clear goal

Cultural factors

encompass the beliefs, values, traditions, and social norms shared by a group of people

cultural bias

the tendency to interpret or judge phenomena by standards inherent to one’s own culture

Neuropsychological assessment

a number of tests that healthcare providers use to get information about how your brain works

Which Personality type is most associated with heart disease?

Type A

PTSD

Disorder that occurs following an extreme traumatic event

Stress-Inculcation training

teaches you skills and techniques to manage stress and reduce anxiety.

Cognitive Therapy

Therapy based on altering dysfunctional thoughts and cognitive distortions

Acute Stress Disorder

short-term mental health condition that can occur within the first month after experiencing a traumatic event. It involves stress responses

Adjustment Disorder

When a person’s response to a common stress is maladaptive and occurs within three months of the stressor

Anxiety Disorders

An unrealistic, irrational fear or anxiety of disabling intensity

Specific phobia

Persistent and disproportionate fears of various objects, places, or situations 

Social Anxiety

Fear of situations in which a person might be exposed to the scrutiny of others and fear of acting in a humiliating or embarrassing way

Panic Disorder

Occurrence of repeated unexpected panic attacks, often accompanied by intense anxiety about having another one

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Chronic excessive worry about a number of events or activities, with no specific threat present.

OCD

persistent intrusion of unwanted and intrusive thoughts or distressing  images. Accompanied by compulsive behaviors

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Obsession with some perceived flaw or flaws in one’s appearance

Trichotillomania

Chronic pulling out of one’s hair

Anorexia Nervosa

fear of gaining weight and may think they're overweight, even when they're thin. Often limit the foods they eat to an extreme measure

Bulimia Nervosa

Frequent occurrence of binge-eating episodes accompanied by a sense of loss of control over eating and behaviors such as purging

Binge Eating Disorder

involves binging that is not accompanied by action to limit weight gain

Symptoms of PTSD

Reexperiences the event, avoids reminders of the trauma and exhibits persistent increased arousal

Symptoms of Acute Stress Disorder

Anxiety, intense fear, helplessness, flashbacks, nightmares

What are symptoms of Adjustment Disorder?

Sadness, lack of enjoyment, crying often, anxiety, irritability

What are symptoms of Specific phobia

Fear or anxiety of a specific object or situation, disproportional fear

What are symptoms of Social Anxiety?

fear of showing anxiety in social situations, avoidance of social situations, fear/anxiety is disproportionate

What are symptoms of Panic Disorder?

Abrupt panic attacks, trembling, shaking, palpitations

What are symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

restlessness, muscle tension, fatigue

Treatment for Anxiety?

exposure therapy

Obsessions

unwanted, intrusive thoughts, images, or urges that trigger intensely distressing feelings

Compulsions

repetitive behaviors or thoughts that a person uses to neutralize or counteract the obsession

Treatment for OCD?

Exposure and response prevention

What is Exposure and response prevention?

exposing you over time to an obsession. Then learning not how to do the compulsive behavior