chemistry module 3 group 2

Group 2 Elements

Alkali earth metals with two outermost s electrons.

Redox Reactions

Reactions involving oxidation and reduction processes.

Oxidation State

Change in electron configuration during reactions.

Reducing Agent

Substance that donates electrons in a reaction.

Relative Reactivity

Increases down the group due to atomic size.

Atomic Radius

Distance from nucleus to outermost electron shell.

Ionisation Energy

Energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

First Ionisation Energy

Energy needed to remove the first electron.

Second Ionisation Energy

Energy needed to remove the second electron.

Cation Formation

Process of losing electrons to form positively charged ions.

Reactivity with Water

Group 2 metals react to form hydroxides and hydrogen.

Hydroxide Formation

Reaction of metal oxides with water producing alkaline solutions.

Alkaline Solutions

Solutions with high pH due to hydroxide ions.

Solubility Trends

Hydroxides become more soluble down the group.

Calcium Hydroxide

Used in agriculture to neutralise acidic soils.

Magnesium Hydroxide

Used in medicine as 'milk of magnesia'.

Barium Hydroxide

Highly soluble in water, producing strong alkaline solutions.

Sulfate Solubility

Group 2 sulfates become less soluble down the group.

Metal Chlorides

Formed when Group 2 metals react with hydrochloric acid.

Dilute Acids

React with Group 2 metals to produce salts and hydrogen.

Precipitate Formation

Occurs when solutions become saturated with ions.

Oxidation in Reactions

Metals increase oxidation state during reactions.

pH Levels

Measure of acidity or alkalinity in solutions.

Calcium Sulfate

Sparingly soluble sulfate among Group 2 compounds.