Chemistry Chapter 10 (copy)

What is the core concept of the chapter on chemical symbols and formulas?

Chemical symbols, formulas, and equations can be used to concisely represent elements, compounds, and what happens in a chemical reaction.

What are the different types of chemical formulas?

Empirical formula, Molecular formula, and Structural formula.

What does an Empirical Formula represent?

Identifies the elements present in terms of simplest whole number ratios, e.g. CH2O.

What does a Molecular Formula indicate?

Identifies the actual number of atoms in a molecular compound, e.g. C6H12O6.

What is a Structural Formula?

Represents the arrangement of atoms within a molecule related to the 3-D structure of molecules.

What distinguishes Empirical Formula from Molecular Formula?

Empirical formulass are ionic compounds with a simple ratio, while molecular formulas are covalent compounds that can differ from empirical formulas.

What is Formula Mass?

The sum of all atomic masses of all atoms in a chemical formula.

What is Molecular Mass?

The formula mass of a molecular substance; often used for nonmolecular substances as well.

What is an Exothermic Reaction?

A reaction that gives off energy, examples include engines and combustion.

What is an Endothermic Reaction?

A reaction that takes in energy, examples include cold packs and photosynthesis.

What is Activation Energy?

The energy boost needed to get a chemical reaction started.

What is a Synthesis Reaction?

Combining reactants to form a new compound, e.g. A + B → AB.

What is a Decomposition Reaction?

Breaking a compound into smaller parts, e.g. AB → A + B.

What is a Single Displacement Reaction?

A reaction where one element and one compound react to form a different element and compound, e.g. A + BC → AC + B.

What is a Double Displacement Reaction?

A reaction where the components of two compounds change places, e.g. AB + CD → AD + CB.

Define Oxidation in chemical reactions.

Oxidation is the loss of electrons.

Define Reduction in chemical reactions.

Reduction is the gain of electrons.

What occurs in an Ion Exchange Reaction?

Ions of one compound interact with ions of another compound forming a solid precipitate, gas, and water, e.g. AX + BY → AY + BX.

What does the Law of Conservation of Mass state?

Matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.

How do you balance a chemical equation?

Ensure that the atoms present on one side of the equation are also displayed on the other side.

Convert the equation CA + 2H20 → Ca(OH)2 + H2 to word form.

One molecule of calcium plus two molecules of water yields one molecule of calcium hydroxide plus one molecule of hydrogen gas.

What is Avogadro's number?

6.02 × 10²³ atoms.

What does a mole represent in chemistry?

An amount of a substance that contains Avogadro's number of atoms, ions, or molecules.

What fundamental concept did Avogadro establish about gases?

Equal volumes of gases contain equal number of molecules.